Position paper of the Italian association of medical specialists in dietetics and clinical nutrition (ANSISA) on nutritional management of patients with COVID-19 disease

Cena, Hellas; Maffoni, Silvia; Braschi, Valentina; Brazzo, Silvia; Pallavicini, Cristina; Vietti, Ilaria; Portale, Sandra; Corradi, Ettore

doi:10.3233/mnm-200425

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, prolonged hospitalization may be accompanied by decreases in weight and muscle mass, which will further disadvantage at-risk patients [233,234]. Therefore, it is important to enhance nutrition to improve the response to therapy [235]. Two different Italian research consortia have proposed nutritional interventions: one to non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients [83] and the other for those who are hospitalized, severely ill, and may require enteral nutrition [235].…”

Section: General Dietary Advice During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation

et al. 2020

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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has engulfed the world, affecting more than 180 countries. As a result, there has been considerable economic distress globally and a significant loss of life. Sadly, the vulnerable and immunocompromised in our societies seem to be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 complications. Global public health bodies and governments have ignited strategies and issued advisories on various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, social distancing strategies, and, in the most extreme cases, some countries have adopted “stay in place” or lockdown protocols to prevent COVID-19 spread. Notably, there are several significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. These include the presence of poor nutritional status and pre-existing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, and various other diseases that render the patient immunocompromised. These diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, which may be a common feature of these NCDs, affecting patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the anti-inflammatory therapies that are currently under investigation intended to dampen the cytokine storm of severe COVID-19 infections. Furthermore, nutritional status and the role of diet and lifestyle is considered, as it is known to affect patient outcomes in other severe infections and may play a role in COVID-19 infection. This review speculates the importance of nutrition as a mitigation strategy to support immune function amid the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying food groups and key nutrients of importance that may affect the outcomes of respiratory infections.

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Section: General Dietary Advice During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation

et al. 2020

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“…Nutritional support during an acute illness has long been recognized as an important component to care ( 336 ). In an acute, severe illness there is a high risk of catabolism and the resulting malnutrition and sarcopenia can impact both on mortality and morbidity ( 335 , 337 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review

James

Ali

Armitage

et al. 2021

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to symptoms, likelihood of severe disease, and survival. Objective The aim was to review the latest evidence on how malnutrition across all its forms (under- and overnutrition and micronutrient status) may influence both susceptibility to, and progression of, COVID-19. Methods We synthesized information on 13 nutrition-related components and their potential interactions with COVID-19: overweight, obesity, and diabetes; protein-energy malnutrition; anemia; vitamins A, C, D, and E; PUFAs; iron; selenium; zinc; antioxidants; and nutritional support. For each section we provide: 1) a landscape review of pertinent material; 2) a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and EMBASE databases, including a wide range of preprint servers; and 3) a screen of 6 clinical trial registries. All original research was considered, without restriction to study design, and included if it covered: 1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), or SARS-CoV viruses and 2) disease susceptibility or 3) disease progression, and 4) the nutritional component of interest. Searches took place between 16 May and 11 August 2020. Results Across the 13 searches, 2732 articles from PubMed and EMBASE, 4164 articles from the preprint servers, and 433 trials were returned. In the final narrative synthesis, we include 22 published articles, 38 preprint articles, and 79 trials. Conclusions Currently there is limited evidence that high-dose supplements of micronutrients will either prevent severe disease or speed up recovery. However, results of clinical trials are eagerly awaited. Given the known impacts of all forms of malnutrition on the immune system, public health strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition remain of critical importance. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes will reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes. This review is registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020186194.

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“…Figure 2 a and b show differential expression of SARS-CoV-2-associated host proteins in the liver, which may corroborate the viral influence in hypoalbuminemia and impairment of coagulation factor synthesis. In addition, the significant interference of SARS-CoV-2 on host metabolism and catabolism of protein, presented in this study by tissue enrichment analyses, might be a possible explanation for protein catabolic processes that promote muscle mass losses, resulting in sarcopenia followed by respiratory and cardiac function impairment in patients with COVID-19 [ 58 ]. SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection can potentially impact the musculoskeletal system [ 59 ], which is considered an important store for protein able to regulate levels of amino acids and glucose in the circulation [ 60 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and tissue enrichment analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects host metabolism and catabolism mediated by interference on host proteins

Lopes

2021

Braz J Microbiol

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Position paper of the Italian association of medical specialists in dietetics and clinical nutrition (ANSISA) on nutritional management of patients with COVID-19 disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation

COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation

The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review

Functional and tissue enrichment analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects host metabolism and catabolism mediated by interference on host proteins

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