Position of The American Dietetic Association

Cummings, Sue; Goodrick, G. Ken; Foreyt, John P.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00024-2

Cited by 64 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the whole, participants in our study were sedentary and were asked to maintain their habitual physical activity levels throughout the intervention. Whether any differential effects of the diets on psychological state would be observed in obese patients undertaking a concurrent exercise training program remains unknown, but, because a combination of energy restriction and increased physical activity is advocated for weight management (1,2), this possibility warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas current guidelines recommend a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF), energy-restricted diet for obesity treatment (1,2), there has been considerable public interest in using lowcarbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) ketogenic diets, such as the Atkins diet, which are usually high in protein and fat (particularly, saturated fat), to attain successful weight loss (3). There has however, been concern that an LCHF diet may alter serotonergic expression (4) and adversely affect aspects of psychological function, including mood and cognition (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance

Halyburton

Brinkworth

Wilson

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

110

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Background: Low-carbohydrate diets are often used to promote weight loss, but their effects on psychological function are largely unknown. Objective: We compared the effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet with a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet on mood and cognitive function. Design: Ninety-three overweight or obese participants [x Ȁ SEM age: 50.2 Ȁ 0.8 y; body mass index (in kg/m 2 ): 33.6 Ȁ 0.4] were randomly assigned to an energy-restricted (Ȃ6 -7 MJ, 30% deficit), planned isocaloric LCHF diet or an HCLF diet for 8 wk. Body weight and psychological well-being were measured by using the Profile of Mood States, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory instruments at baseline and fortnightly. Cognitive functioning (working memory and speed of processing) was assessed at baseline and week 8. Results:The LCHF diet resulted in significantly greater weight loss than did the HCLF diet (7.8 Ȁ 0.4 and 6.4 Ȁ 0.4 kg, respectively; P ҃ 0.04). Both groups showed improvements in psychological well-being (P 0.01 for time), with the greatest effect occurring during the first 2 wk, but there was no significant difference between groups. There were no significant between-group differences in working memory (P ҃ 0.68), but there was a significant time ҂ diet interaction for speed of processing (P ҃ 0.04), so that this measure improved less in the LCHF than in the HCLF diet group. Conclusions: Both dietary patterns significantly reduced body weight and were associated with improvements in mood. There was some evidence for a smaller improvement in cognitive functioning with the LCHF diet with respect to speed of processing, but further studies are required to determine the replicability of this finding.Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:580 -7.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance

Halyburton

Brinkworth

Wilson

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…36 In women with breast cancer, this problem is compounded because of weight gain associated with adjuvant therapy. 37,38 For cancer survivors who are overweight or obese, modest weight loss (ie, a maximum of 2 pounds per week 39,40 ) can be encouraged during treatment, as long as the treating oncologists approve, weight loss is monitored closely, and weight loss does not interfere with treatment. Safe weight loss should be achieved through a healthful, wellbalanced diet (see Balancing Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrate Intake) and physical activity tailored to the specific needs of the person being treated.…”

Section: Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Physical Activity During and After Cancer Treatment: An American Cancer Society Guide for Informed Choices

Brown

Byers

Doyle

et al. 2003

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

270

202

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Cancer survivors are often highly motivated to seek information about food choices, physical activity, dietary supplement use, and complementary nutritional therapies to improve their treatment outcomes, quality of life, and survival. To address these concerns, the American Cancer Society (ACS) convened a group of experts in nutrition, physical activity, and cancer to evaluate the scientific evidence and best clinical practices related to optimal nutrition and physical activity after the diagnosis of cancer. This report summarizes their findings and is intended to present health care providers with the best possible information on which to help cancer survivors and their families make informed choices related to nutrition and physical activity. The report discusses nutrition and physical activity issues during the phases of cancer treatment and recovery, living after recovery from treatment, and living with advanced cancer; selected nutritional and physical activity issues such as body weight, food choices, and complementary and alternative nutritional options; and selected issues related to breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, head and neck, and upper gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, handouts containing commonly asked questions and answers and a resource list are provided for survivors and families. Tables that grade the scientific evidence for benefit versus harm related to nutrition and physical activity for breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers are also included for this growing body of knowledge to provide guidance for informed decision making and to identify areas for future research. (CA Cancer J Clin 2003;53:268 -291.)

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“…3 Unfortunately, obesity has reached epidemic proportions in North America. 4 Nearly one third of the US population are clinically obese, and more than half are overweight. 5,6 Standard treatment options for obesity include reducing caloric intake and/ or increasing energy expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Stimulant-Free Dietary Supplement on Body Weight and Fat Loss in Obese Adults: A Six-Week Exploratory Study

Woodgate¹,

Conquer²

2003

Current Therapeutic Research

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Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and stroke. Stimulants, such as ephedrine and caffeine and their herbal counterparts, have proved effective in facilitating body weight loss, but their use is controversial due to their undesired effects. Other nutraceuticals have shown moderate success in reducing body weight, whereas several other compounds have demonstrated little or no effect. Therefore, a tolerable and effective nutraceutical that can increase energy expenditure and/or decrease caloric intake is desirable for body weight reduction.Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of a novel, stimulant-free, dietary supplement containing glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, Gymnema sylvestre, and vitamin C on body weight and fat loss and change in body composition in obese adults.Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study conducted at the University of Guelph (Guelph, Ontario, Canada), obese adults (aged 20-50 years; body mass index [BMI], ≥30 kg/m 2 ) were randomized to the treatment or placebo group. The treatment group received 6 capsules of a dietary supplement containing a proprietary blend of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C daily for 6 weeks, and the placebo group received 6 capsules of rice flour daily for 6 weeks. Body weight; percentage of body fat; absolute fat mass; lean body mass; BMI; upper abdominal, waist, and hip circumference; and anthropometric measurements were recorded at baseline and at study end. Patients completed daily dietary intake records on days 1 to 3 and days 40 to 42. They also completed weekly activity logs throughout the study.Results D.E. Woodgate and J.A. Conquerto the treatment group (8 women, 4 men) or the placebo group (9 women, 3 men). Two subjects (8.3%; 1 patient [8.3%] from each group) dropped out for personal reasons unrelated to the study. No significant changes in the consumption of total calories; the percentage of calories ingested as carbohydrates, fat, or protein; or activity levels were found in either group throughout the study. Compared with the placebo group, the treatment group lost significantly more body weight (Ϫ2.3 kg vs 0.0 kg; P Ͻ 0.01), percentage of body fat (Ϫ1.1% vs 0.2%; P Ͻ 0.05), and absolute fat mass (Ϫ2.0 kg vs 0.2 kg; P Ͻ 0.001).The treatment group also experienced a significantly greater reduction in upper abdominal circumference (Ϫ4.5 cm vs Ϫ0.7 cm), waist circumference (Ϫ4.1 cm vs 0.1 cm), and hip circumference (Ϫ2.9 cm vs 0.6 cm) compared with the placebo group (P Ͻ 0.05 for all). No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were found in either group. Both the treatment and the placebo were well tolerated. Conclusion:Within the context of this study, the novel combination of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C results in significant body weight and fat loss in obese adu...

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Position of The American Dietetic Association

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance

Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance

Nutrition and Physical Activity During and After Cancer Treatment: An American Cancer Society Guide for Informed Choices

Effects of a Stimulant-Free Dietary Supplement on Body Weight and Fat Loss in Obese Adults: A Six-Week Exploratory Study

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