Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Malnutrition (Undernutrition) Screening Tools for All Adults

Abstract

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that, based upon current evidence, the Malnutrition Screening Tool should be used to screen adults for malnutrition (undernutrition) regardless of their age, medical history, or setting. Malnutrition (undernutrition) screening is a simple process intended to quickly recognize individuals who may have a malnutrition diagnosis. While numerous malnutrition screening tools are in use, their levels of validity, agreement, reliability, and generalizability vary. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reviewed the body of evidence supporting malnutrition screening tools and determined a single tool for identifying adults in all settings who may have malnutrition, regardless of their age or medical history. The Nutrition Screening for Adults Workgroup conducted a systematic review of the most robust evidence to promote using the highest-quality malnutrition screening tool available.

Identifying malnutrition in emergency general surgery: systematic review

“…The identification of malnutrition is a two-step process; screening of patients who may be at risk of malnutrition is followed by an assessment to confirm the diagnosis, categorize, and plan treatment. This is recognized by the British Dietetic Association 18 and overseas by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 19 , as well as a number of guidelines. The nutritional assessment is typically performed by a trained professional 18 , 19 .…”

“…This is recognized by the British Dietetic Association 18 and overseas by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 19 , as well as a number of guidelines. The nutritional assessment is typically performed by a trained professional 18 , 19 . GLIM endorse that phenotypic (weight loss; BMI; muscle mass) and aetiological (food intake or assimilation; inflammation or disease burden) criteria can be used for a diagnosis of malnutrition, although consultation with a trained professional is recommended for a comprehensive assessment 14 .…”

“…The identification of malnourished patients is typically a two-step process 18 , 19 . This involves an initial screening, followed by a more comprehensive assessment by an appropriate healthcare professional for those deemed to be at risk.…”

Malnutrition in emergency general surgery: a survey of National Emergency Laparotomy Audit Leads

“…Those found to be at risk should have a more focused assessment and a management plan devised accoridngly. 14,15 However, a consensus definition for malnutrition is still lacking. 16 In addition, many approaches and tools have been described to identify malnutrition.…”

“…A number of national and international bodies have issued guidelines for identifying and managing malnutrition, 10–13 including that all patients should be screened for malnutrition on admission to hospital. Those found to be at risk should have a more focused assessment and a management plan devised accoridngly 14,15 . However, a consensus definition for malnutrition is still lacking 16 .…”