Position multiplexing multiple-image encryption using cascaded phase-only masks in Fresnel transform domain

Chang, Hsuan; Hwang, Hone‐Ene; Lee, Cheng‐Ling

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.04.065

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Another factor contributing to the optimization of the efficiency Ec, is the number N of images in the package. In the revised works published in this area [13]- [15], [22], it is evident that increasing the number of images always decreases the average CC quality factor of the multiplexed N images. Another factor of quality to be considered for possible comparisons is the Normalized Root Mean Square Error NRMSE, which is defined in (9), where xij are the pixel values of the original image, and yij are the pixel values of the recovered image.…”

Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, image multiplexing and processing for high volumes of information contained in gray level (GL) images, by using virtual-optical techniques have been investigated in recent years [1]- [15], where optical process are simulated looking for storing the information compressed in a package, which is, in general, complex. The usual procedures involve some virtualoptical architecture, like 2f, 4f, JTC, etc, and its purpose is to take a number of N images and to compress all of them in a package.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other case to consider is the work by H. T. Chang et al [15], in which they evaluate the CC factor vs the N number of images in the multiplexed package, reaching a quality value CC=0.82 for N=9. Also, in this case, the quality factor CC decreases as N increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Valencia

2017

TecnoL.

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We present an efficient virtual-optical multiplexing method for compressing information contained in gray level images. The efficiency is measured using three parameters: quality factors of recovered images, memory saving percentage achieved, and number of multiplexed images in the package. Theta modulation techniques are applied, to process an N number of gray level images, by using a virtual-optical 2f architecture, from which we obtain a complex package M, to be stored as two images, amplitude and phase, in commercial formats. We apply pixel optimization and Fourier plane filtering to amplitude and phase images, respectively, storing only a percentage of the Fourier plane with a pixel dynamic range optimization. The stored package spends much less memory than individual images. The recovered images after the demultiplexing process are compared with the original ones by using correlation coefficient, obtaining high quality factors for decompressed images. We perform simulations, showing the efficiency of the proposed process, and our results are compared to the same factors reported in recent publications, making our improvements evident.

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Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Valencia

2017

TecnoL.

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“…In addition, the encryption capacity is also limited in these encryption methods. To overcome the cross-talk problem and increase encryption capacity, many improved multiple-image encryption techniques have been proposed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In the encryption process of these improved methods, all images to be encrypted are required to be encoded separately into one or more phase-only masks with all kinds of phase retrieval algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical multiple-image encryption based on fully phase encoding and interference

Deng

Wen

2015

Optik

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“…Hwang et al 22 proposed a multiple-image encryption and multiplexing approach based on a modified GerchbergSaxton algorithm (MGSA) in the FrT domain, which reduces the cross-talks significantly. Chang et al 23,24 also suggested the position multiplexing encryption using cascaded phaseonly masks based on the MGSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric double-image encryption method by using iterative phase retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier transform domain

Sui

Ning

et al. 2014

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. A double-image encryption scheme is proposed based on an asymmetric technique, in which the encryption and decryption processes are different and the encryption keys are not identical to the decryption ones. First, a phase-only function (POF) of each plain image is retrieved by using an iterative process and then encoded into an interim matrix. Two interim matrices are directly modulated into a complex image by using the convolution operation in the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain. Second, the complex image is encrypted into the gray scale ciphertext with stationary white-noise distribution by using the FrFT. In the encryption process, three random phase functions are used as encryption keys to retrieve the POFs of plain images. Simultaneously, two decryption keys are generated in the encryption process, which make the optical implementation of the decryption process convenient and efficient. The proposed encryption scheme has high robustness to various attacks, such as brute-force attack, known plaintext attack, cipher-only attack, and specific attack. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed method. IntroductionWith the rapid popularity of computer networks, images as an effective carrier of information have been widely used in various fields of modern society and image encryption issues have become an important field for information security. Since Refregier and Javidi 1 proposed the classical optical double-random phase encoding (DRPE) technique, many optical encryption and authentication systems in Fourier transform (FT), Fresnel transform (FrT), fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), and gyrator transform (GT) domains have been proposed during the past decades.2-11 Moreover, Alfalou and Brosseau 12 pointed out that these techniques can be used for compression operations simultaneously. Though most reported optical encryption techniques based on DRPE have the excellent parallel and multidimensional capability of signal processing, it should be pointed out that these schemes belong to the category of symmetric cryptosystems, where the keys in the encryption process are used for decryption. Some research investigations indicate that these schemes are vulnerable to the conventional attacks because of the inherently linear property of mathematical or optical transformation. [13][14][15] In order to resist these attacks, Qin and Peng 16 proposed an asymmetric encryption based on the phase-truncated Fourier transform (PTFT), where the decryption keys are different from the encryption keys and the linearity of the cryptosystem is broken by using the nonlinear operation of phase truncation.

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Position multiplexing multiple-image encryption using cascaded phase-only masks in Fresnel transform domain

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Analysis of the efficiency of a virtualoptical multiplexing method, by using theta modulation

Optical multiple-image encryption based on fully phase encoding and interference

Asymmetric double-image encryption method by using iterative phase retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier transform domain

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