Position-dependent properties of retinal axons and their growth cones

Bonhoeffer, Friedrich; Huf, Julita

doi:10.1038/315409a0

Cited by 146 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Because of distance from the tectum, it must be mediated by selective fasciculation with older fibers, in particular their axonal wrists, implying discrimination on some retinal positional basis. In Xenopus, ectopically located retinal fibers appear to be able to find like neighbors before arrival at the tectum (Fawcett and Gaze, 1982) and this selective behavior in the chick has been assayed directly by Bonhoeffer and Huf (1985), using an elegantly devised Y-maze choice situation in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glial domains and nerve fiber patterns in the fish retinotectal pathway

Maggs¹,

Scholes²

1986

J. Neurosci.

129

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Optic nerve fibers run parallel from the retina as far as the optic tract in fish, then suddenly criss-cross into a new pattern matching the tectal map. This change coincides with a unique demarcation between two astroglial territories in the retinotectal pathway, located where the optic chiasm occurs in other vertebrates, which we defined using antibodies directed against intermediate filaments (IF). We found that astroglia in optic nerve territory express an Mr 56,000 IF polypeptide, band 3, which we identify as the fish equivalent of vimentin in mammals. These astrocytic cells lack glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; cf. Dahl and Bignami, 1973). Conversely, glia in brain territory, that is, in the optic tract and elsewhere in the CNS, lack the fish vimentin, but express GFAP. By electron microscopy, we obtained evidence that new retinal axons extend swiftly through the growing optic nerve, where they are tightly shepherded into a narrow track by newly differentiating glial cells, positive for the fish vimentin. In the GFAP-positive glial territory of the optic tract, by contrast, growing axons are slowed down and probably branch. We suggest that this allows them to fasciculate accurately with older fibers and thereby propagate a tectotopic pattern established by pioneer axons in the embryo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that neural recogition mechanisms must operate en route to the brain, not just in the tectum. The growing fibers must be able to discriminate one another on some basis related to retinal position, as recently assayed in vitro by Bonhoeffer and Huf (1985). But why should new axons apparently change prefer-424 ences on entering the optic tract?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial domains and nerve fiber patterns in the fish retinotectal pathway

Maggs¹,

Scholes²

1986

J. Neurosci.

129

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“…Starting with the selective aggregation studies of dissociated cells from dierent origins, Hausmann and Moscona (1976) used the green¯uoresceine-isothiocyanate (FITC) and the red dye RITC to label cells that aggregate because of their adhesive properties and the ability to recognise cells of the same origin. This led to the use of the same¯uor-escent dyes to identify selectively guided axons in culture (Bonhoeer and Huf, 1980). Labelling of reduorescent axons from the temporal retina were found to associate with co-cultured tectal membranes from the anterior tectum, and green-¯uorescent axons were found to associate with posterior tectal membranes.…”

Section: Cell±cell Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ®rst ones to be employed directly for anatomical tracing were PI, NY (BjoÈ rklund and Skagerberg, 1979), RITC and FB (Bonhoeer and Huf, 1980;Bentivoglio et al, 1980). In 1986, Honig and Hume introduced the carbocyanine dyes DiI and DiO.…”

Section: Fluorescent Dyes (Anterograde and Retrograde Tracers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in neuroanatomical tracing

Köbbert

Apps

Bechmann

et al. 2000

Progress in Neurobiology

377

336

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The development of new axonal tract tracing and cell labelling methods has revolutionised neurobiology in the last 30 years. The aim of this review is to consider some of the key methods of neuroanatomical tracing that are currently in use and have proved invaluable in charting the complex interconnections of the central nervous system. The review begins with a short overview of the most frequently used tracers, including enzymes, peptides, biocytin, latex beads, plant lectins and the everincreasing number of¯uorescent dyes. This is followed by a more detailed consideration of both well established and more recently introduced neuroanatomical tracing methods. Technical aspects of the application, uptake mechanisms, intracellular transport of tracers, and the problems of subsequent signal detection, are also discussed. The methods that are presented and discussed in detail include: (1) anterograde and retrograde neuroanatomical labelling with¯uorescent dyes in vivo, (2) labelling of post mortem tissue, (3) developmental studies, (4) transcellular tracing (phagocytosis-dependent staining of glial cells), (5) electrophysiological mapping combined with neuronal tract tracing, and (6) simultaneous detection of more than one axonal tracer. (7) Versatile protocols for three-colour labelling have been developed to study complex patterns of connections. It is envisaged that this review will be used to guide the readers in their selection of the most appropriate techniques to apply to their own particular area of interest. 7

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“…The tectal external limiting membrane was prepared as described by Kröger and Niehörster (1990). Acid-washed coverslips were coated with purified proteins according to Bonhoeffer and Huf (1985). Native collagen was isolated accordingto Eisdale and Bard (1972).…”

Section: Explant Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms separating two axonal pathways during embryonic development of the avian optic tectum

Kröger

Walter

1991

Neuron

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SummaryDuring embryonic development of the avian optic tectum, retinal and tectobulbar axons form an orthogonal array of nerve processes. Growing axons of both tracts are transiently very closely apposed to each other. Despite this spatial proximity, axons from the two pathways do not intermix, but instead restrict their growth to defined areas, thus forming two separate plexiform layers, the stratum opticum and the stratum album centrale. In this study we present experimental evidence indicating that the following three mechanisms might playa role in segregating both axonal populations: Retinal and tectobulbar axons differ in their ability to use the extracellular matrix protein laminin as a substrate for axonal elongation; the environment in the optic tectum is generally permissive for retinal axons, but is specifically nonpermissive for tectobulbar axons, resulting in a strong fasciculation of the laUer; and growth cones of temporal retinal axons are reversibly inhibited in their motility by direct contact with the tectobulbar axon's membrane.

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Position-dependent properties of retinal axons and their growth cones

Cited by 146 publications

References 6 publications

Glial domains and nerve fiber patterns in the fish retinotectal pathway

Glial domains and nerve fiber patterns in the fish retinotectal pathway

Current concepts in neuroanatomical tracing

Molecular mechanisms separating two axonal pathways during embryonic development of the avian optic tectum

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