Position and Disposition: The Contextual Development of Human Values

Longest, Kyle C.; Hitlin, Steven; Vaisey, Stephen

doi:10.1093/sf/sot045

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…To measure the moderation effects of human value dimensions, we use segments from the truncated version of the Schwartz Value Survey, recognized as the most widely-tested and comprehensive instrument for measuring moral dispositions (Longest et al, 2013). Respondents were asked to read seven statements pertaining to benevolence, universalism, and self-direction value dimensions and rate how much each she/he is similar to that hypothetical person on a six-point scale ranging from "not like me at all" to "very much like me" (Appendix 1: Human Value Dimensions and Corresponding Statements).…”

Section: Moderation Effects Of Human Value Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respondents were asked to read seven statements pertaining to benevolence, universalism, and self-direction value dimensions and rate how much each she/he is similar to that hypothetical person on a six-point scale ranging from "not like me at all" to "very much like me" (Appendix 1: Human Value Dimensions and Corresponding Statements). We adjust for skewness in individual responses by subtracting the individual's average score across the three human value dimension scales from each of the three individual scales (Longest et al, 2013). Value dimension scales are centered and standardized to have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.…”

Section: Moderation Effects Of Human Value Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values

Ortiz

Zimmerman

Adler

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Support for policies to combat obesity is often undermined by a public sense that obesity is largely a matter of personal responsibility. Industry rhetoric is a major contributor to this perception, as the soda/fast food/big food companies emphasize choice and individual agency in their efforts to neutralize policies that are burdensome. Yet obesity experts recognize that environmental forces play a major role in obesity. We investigate whether exposure to a taste-engineering frame increases support for food and beverage policies that address obesity. A taste-engineering frame details strategies used by the food industry to engineer preferences and increase the over-consumption of processed foods and sugary beverages. We also examine the effects of exposure to two contextualized values that have recently been promoted in expert discourseeconsumer knowledge and consumer safety e on public support of policies. Our research shows how causal frames and contextualized values may effectively produce support for new obesity policies. Methods: We use an online survey experiment to test the effects of exposure to a taste-engineering frame (TEF), the value of consumer knowledge (CK), or the value of consumer safety (CS), on level of support for a range of policies. A random sample of adults, age 18 þ living in the United States was included in the study (N ¼ 2580). Ordered logistic regression was used to measure the effects of treatment exposure. The primary outcome was level-of-support for four (4) food-industry related, obesity prevention policies (aka food and beverage policies): 1) require food-manufacturers to disclose the amount of additives in food products on food packaging; 2) require food-manufacturers to advertise food products in accordance with their actual nutritional value; 3) prohibit all high-fat, high-sugar food advertising on television programming watched primarily by children; and 4) increase healthy food availability in work sites, schools, and hospitals. Findings: These data suggest that a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values significantly increase public support for many of the food and beverage policies tested. Conclusions: Applying a taste-engineering frame and/or contextualized values to address obesity advances a population-based policy agenda to counteract the effects of food-industry strategies.

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Section: Moderation Effects Of Human Value Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moderation Effects Of Human Value Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values

Ortiz

Zimmerman

Adler

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Religion and conservative politics are closely linked (Norris and Inglehart 2011) and research in the social psychological study of religion suggests that religion promotes system-justifying beliefs that enforce exclusionary moral boundaries, highlight individual responsibility over systemic causes of inequality, and reinforce the status quo (Edgell 2012;Jost et al 2014;Longest, Hitlin, and Vaisey 2013;Rankin, Jost, and Wakslak 2009). In other words, religious schemas tend to be oriented toward traditional moral values and conservative partisanship.…”

Section: The Underdog Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Religion Suppress Gender Differences in Values? A Cross-National Examination

Schnabel¹

2018

Preprint

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Women are typically more liberal than men. But on some issues related to "traditional moral values"-including sexuality and the beginning and end of life-women are just as if not more conservative than men. This study examines the role of religion in complicating the relationship between gender and values cross-nationally, with particular attention to variation across religious groups and contexts. Using data from a diverse set of 56 countries in the World Values Survey (N=85,181), I find that religiousness suppresses what would otherwise be larger and more consistent gender differences in values among Christians. Among most other groups, including Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, Taoists, and Muslims in non-Muslim contexts, religiousness does not greatly alter gender differences in values. However, among Muslims in Muslim-majority contexts-where men tend to be more religious than women-religiousness amplifies what would otherwise be smaller gender differences in values. Accordingly, gender differences in values tend to be larger among Muslims than Christians. I conclude that religions are complex and powerful social structures with heterogeneous social consequences. Keywords Gender Differences in Values 2Women tend to be more liberal than men. In many contexts, women are more likely to claim liberal identities, espouse egalitarian values, and vote for progressive politicians (Beutel and Marini 1995;Box-Steffensmeier, DeBoef, and Lin 2004;Charrad 2011;Davis and Robinson 1991;Hadler 2012;Inglehart and Norris 1999;Manza and Brooks 1998;McDermott 2016;Pratto, Stallworth, and Sidanius 1997;Shapiro and Mahajan 1986). Yet, in a gender-and-politics paradox, women are just as if not more conservative than men on certain issues related to notions of "traditional morality"-including gender-related issues such as abortion-in at least some contexts (Barkan 2014;Schnabel 2018). In another gender paradox, religion tends to be mendominated and yet women-populated . Historic religious figures and current religious leaders are predominantly men, and religion often promotes patriarchal beliefs and gender inequality (Edgell 2006;Edgell and Docka 2007;Schnabel 2016a).Nevertheless, women being more religious than men is one of the most consistent findings in the social sciences (Hoffmann 2009). Although the gender gap in religion is frequently noted, its political repercussions are largely ignored (but see Rinehart and Perkins 1989). As I will demonstrate, gender differences in religion help explain the gender-and-politics paradox on certain "traditional moral values" 2 related to sexuality and the beginning and end of life.In this study, I argue that religion intersects with social status characteristics such as gender and that the social consequences of religiosity vary across religious groups and contexts (Read and Eagle 2014;Schnabel 2016b;Stewart, Frost, and Edgell 2017;Wilde and Glassman 2016 Christianity specifically may be a feminine-typed "underdog" religion, appealing more to women based on gendered social norms and women...

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“…These include such highly debated issues as the linkage (or lack thereof) between discursively articulated "values" and action (Jerolmack and Khan 2014;Miles 2015;Summers-Effler, Van Ness, and Hausmann 2015;Vaisey 2008). In this way, the dual process imagery has become one of the primary conceptual tools used by sociologists, especially those who take seriously the link between cultural and cognitive processes (DiMaggio 1997;Cerulo 2010;Knorr-Cetina 2014), to motivate and theorize a now growing list of empirical studies (e.g., inter alia Vaisey and Lizardo 2010;Hoffmann 2014;Miles 2015;Srivastava and Banaji 2011;Longest, Hitlin, and Vaisey 2013;Leschziner and Green 2013). The growing influence of the dual process imagery post-Vaisey has also begun to generate some critical backlash, as analysts debate the implications of the approach for both theory (e.g., Swidler 2008;Abramson 2012;Lizardo and Strand 2010;Patterson 2014) and method (e.g., Pugh 2013;Jerolmack and Khan 2014;Vila-Henninger 2015).…”

Section: The Reception Of Dual Process Models In Sociologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are Dual Process Models? Implications for Cultural Analysis in Sociology

Stoltz¹,

Ližardo²,

Mowry³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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saw a set of smart points usable to impress students in a seminar context. Dustin herded all of the cats, and made the seemingly quixotic attempt to write a seven-authored theory piece seem like a breeze. Of course, it was the intellectual input of all authors that ultimately made the paper more than the sum of its separate parts although we will spare you tired emergence analogies. Direct correspondence to Omar Lizardo, Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, 810 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556. Email: olizardo@nd.edu. AbstractIn this paper we introduce the idea of the dual process framework (DPF), an interdisciplinary approach to the study of learning, memory, thinking, and action. Departing from the successful reception of Vaisey (2009), we suggest that intradisciplinary debates in sociology regarding the merits of "dual process" formulations can benefit from a better understanding of the theoretical foundations of these models in cognitive and social psychology. We argue that the key is to distinguish the general DPF from more specific applications to particular domains, which we refer to as dual process models (DPMs). We show how different dual process models can be applied to a variety of analytically distinct issues of interest to cultural sociologists beyond specific issues related to morality, such as culture in learning, culture in memory, culture in thinking, and culture in acting processes. We close by outlining the implications of our argument for relevant work in cultural sociology.

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Position and Disposition: The Contextual Development of Human Values

Cited by 78 publications

References 53 publications

Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values

Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values

Does Religion Suppress Gender Differences in Values? A Cross-National Examination

What Are Dual Process Models? Implications for Cultural Analysis in Sociology

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