Portrait of leptospirosis in the State of Acre, Brazil

Costa, Eloizy Mariana Dias de Medeiros Cirilo; Lucena, Ivina Gomes; Januário, Kalina Ligia Alves de Medeiros; Sousa, Milena Nunes Alves de

doi:10.3823/2337

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The North region encompass approximately 80% of the Amazon Rainforest and includes the state of Acre, which presented the country's highest incidence in both urban and rural areas, up to 10 times greater than the national incidence. In previous analysis from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the government recognized the unusual high incidence of leptospirosis in the state given the increasing number of floods in Acre, specifically in 2012, 2014 and 2015, combined with inadequate sanitation and low income in the region [64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other states in the North of Brazil also had high disease incidence, portraying the unique scenario of leptospirosis in the region. Poor housing conditions along river banks with lack of access to adequate sanitation and waste collection present the perfect environment for rodent infestation and increased risk of exposure to contaminated water [65]. Previous studies recognize the importance of community education and training of healthcare professionals about the risk of leptospirosis in the Northern region throughout the year, not only during the rainy season, as well as improvements to sanitation and waste collection systems [31,67,68].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000–2015

et al. 2021

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Background Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world and Brazil has the highest number of cases in Latin America. Transmission occurs mainly through exposure to water and soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The goals of this study are to describe the geographic distribution, demographic characteristics and exposure factors of urban and rural cases of leptospirosis, and identify spatial clusters in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Methods/results A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using 16 years (2000–2015) of surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were described by age, sex and race, and exposure factors were characterized in urban and rural areas. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using local Moran’s I to identify urban and rural clusters of disease. On average 3,810 leptospirosis cases were reported annually with higher numbers in urban areas. National urban and rural incidence rates were the same (1.9 cases/100,000 population), however, regional differences were observed. Urban incidence rates were higher in the North and Northeast regions, while rural incidence rates were higher in the Southeast and South. The main exposure factor reported in urban and rural areas was exposure to places with signs of rodents, followed by flood in urban areas and agriculture and animal farming in rural areas. Clusters of leptospirosis were identified in densely populated urban areas of the North, Southeast and South regions, while rural clusters were concentrated in of the Southern region with large agriculture and animal farming practices. Conclusions This study highlights that leptospirosis is an important public health problem in both urban and rural areas of Brazil. The results provide decision-makers with detailed information about where disease incidence is high and can be used in the development of prevention and control strategies for priority areas and risk groups.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%