Portland cement clinkers turned into garnets by spark plasma sintering

Morphological and structural evaluation of spark plasma sintered calcium silicate ceramics

“…With the SPS technology, grain coarsening may be prevented and dense ceramics with outstanding performances and properties can be produced at lower sintering temperatures than with conventional sintering methods. This is owing to its high heating rate, high pressure, high‐energy activity, and short sintering time 20–29 . Figure 1 presents the schematic illustration of the SPS process used in our work.…”

“…A pulsed direct current, on the other hand, is passed via the die and/or the sample 24,25 . The activation of powder particles is thought to be accomplished in a short period of time that uses the high electric‐pulsed current to provide a rapid heating rate (this suggests that the sample or the die itself serves as a heating source) 16–28 . With the SPS technology, grain coarsening may be prevented and dense ceramics with outstanding performances and properties can be produced at lower sintering temperatures than with conventional sintering methods.…”

“…24,25 The activation of powder particles is thought to be accomplished in a short period of time that uses the high electric-pulsed current to provide a rapid heating rate (this suggests that the sample or the die itself serves as a heating source). [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] With the SPS technology, grain coarsening may be prevented and dense ceramics with outstanding performances and properties can be produced at lower sintering temperatures than with conventional sintering methods. This is owing to its high heating rate, high pressure, high-energy activity, and short sintering time.…”

“…This is owing to its high heating rate, high pressure, high-energy activity, and short sintering time. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Figure 1 presents the schematic illustration of the SPS process used in our work.…”

“…During the SPS process, the precursors are being loaded into a graphite die with a uniaxial pressure. A pulsed direct current, on the other hand, is passed via the die and/or the sample 24,25 . The activation of powder particles is thought to be accomplished in a short period of time that uses the high electric‐pulsed current to provide a rapid heating rate (this suggests that the sample or the die itself serves as a heating source) 16–28 .…”