“…Direct injection into a portal radicle is a simple method, first described by Blakemore and Lord in 1945, and I have used it on more than 100 occasions. It needs little description, although reference may be made to Rodney Maingot's Abdominal Operations (Hunt, 1955), The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine (Hunt, 1952), and to the article by du Boulay and Green (1954). The main disadvantage of this direct method is that it is done after the abdomen has been opened.…”