Portable, X-Band, Linear Accelerator Systems

Schonberg, R. G.; Deruyter, H.; Fowkes, W.R.; Johnson, William A.; Miller, R.H.; Potter, J. M.; Weaver, J. N.

doi:10.1109/tns.1985.4334330

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Figure 3 gives the calculated energy spectrum for the 1.5 MeV accelerator and Figure 4 gives the calculated load I ine. (1) The second term Is the force due to the synchronous space harmonic which Is in phase quadrature with the acceleration. It is this term which Is used In the alternating phase focusing.…”

Section: Electromagneiti C Focjus I Ngmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF Phase Focusing in Portable X-Band, Linear Accelerators

Miller¹,

Deruyter²,

Fowkes³

et al. 1985

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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RE QUWIn order to minimize the size and weight of the x-ray or neutron source for a series of portable radiographic linear accelerators, the x-ray head was packaged separately from the rest of the system and consists of only the inac accelerating struc;ture, electron gun, built-in target, collimator, ion pump and an RF w I ndow. Al I the dr I v i ng e ectron I cs and cooling are connected to the x-ray head through f l exI b I e wavegu I de, cab I es, and waterl I nes. The x-ray head has been kept smal I and I Ight weight by using the RF fields for radial focusing, as wel I as for longitudinal bunching and accelerating the beam. Thus, no external, bulky magnetic focusing devices are required. The RF focusing Is accomplI shed by alternating the sign of the phase difference between the RF and the beam and by tapering from cavity to cavIty the magnItude of the buncher field levels. The former requires choosIng the ri ght phase velocity taper (mix of less than vp=c cavities) and the latter requires the right sizing of the cavity to cavity coupling smiles (irises). INIROQDUCTIONThis paper discusses the theory of radial RF focusing and presents some examples of Its application to two, portable, radiographic, linear accelerators that have been built f r non-destructive testing. A companion paper describes the system details and performance capabilities.The design of I ight, portable radiographic, linear accelerators differs from the design of accelerators for research. Of primary Importance Is minitnlzir,g the size, weight, and complexity of the accelerator. Good capture eff iciency, good launching, good spectrum, and emittance are of secondary importance. FHowever, wasted power Is wasted welght In power supplies, cooling system, and most Importantly, In the RF source. Even more important is the fact that at X-band, which Is the natural choice for these small accelerators, the maximum power available Is rather low. Hence, any beam which absorbs RF power without reaching full energy (to within about 5%) reduces the ful I energy (and ful penetration) of the x-rays which can be produced. So whi I e high capture Is not Important, it is important to have a sharp demarcation I ine between those electrons which are captured and accelerated to > 95% of full energy, and those which are lost early. Similarly, It wastes RF power to accelerator electrons part away through the accelerator and then lose them radially.

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Section: Electromagneiti C Focjus I Ngmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF Phase Focusing in Portable X-Band, Linear Accelerators

Miller¹,

Deruyter²,

Fowkes³

et al. 1985

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Design of accelerator cells [4], manufacturing [5], and characterization technique [6] have been developed. In the industrial [7] and medical [1,2] fields, there are obvious advantages for using frequencies higher than the S-band range that is prevalent in these applications. The dominant factor is the compactness of the accelerator with the attendant reduction in weight.…”

Section: X-band Accelerator Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of X-band technology in medical accelerators

Hanna

Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)

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Most radiation therapy machines are based on microwave linear accelerators. The majority of medical accelerators use frequencies in the S-band range. Having a compact accelerator allows for a wide range of treatments. The size and weight of the accelerator is substantially reduced if a higher frequency is used. X-band frequencies are suitable for such applications. The X-band accelerator technology has been used in high-energy as well as industrial applications. In the radiation therapy field, it is already implemented in some machines. The Mobetron [1], an Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy (IORT) treatment system is one example. Another example is the Stereotactic Radiosurgery machine, the CyberKnife [2]. The compactness of these machines required the use of an X-band accelerator. The basis for choosing the X-band technology in some of the medical machines is analysed. A review of the exiting medical applications is included. We also discuss the availability of other X-band components in the machine, including high-power RF sources.

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