Portable Skin Analyzers with Simultaneous Measurements of Transepidermal Water Loss, Skin Conductance and Skin Hardness

Sim, Jai Kyoung; Kim, Sung Mok; Kim, Steve S.; Doh, Il

doi:10.3390/s19183857

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The research group developed a series of portable devices for multimodal skin analysis (e.g., skin hardness and conductance) in a single probe based on the novel idea of the automatic actuated chamber. [ 155 , 156 ] In the future, such devices for multimodal skin analysis are expected to be wearable, similar to the watch‐type SLMDs they developed.…”

Section: Advances Of Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs

et al. 2021

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Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter-and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.

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Section: Advances Of Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs

et al. 2021

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“…Mapping skin in terms of its properties has a long history and has received increasing attention in the last two decades. This in part reflects the evolution of the measuring devices, some of which have become available only in recent times [10][11][12]. Research about regional differences of the skin thickness dates back to the early 1970s with the works of Holbrook et al [13] and has generated a number of relevant studies since [4,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Assessment of Water Content, Trans-Epidermial Water Loss and Thickness in Human Facial Skin

et al. 2020

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Mapping facial skin in terms of its biophysical properties plays a fundamental role in many practical applications, including, among others, forensics, medical and beauty treatments, and cosmetic and restorative surgery. In this paper we present an in vivo evaluation of the water content, trans-epidermial water loss and skin thickness in six areas of the human face: cheeks, chin, forehead, lips, neck and nose. The experiments were performed on a population of healthy subjects through innovative sensing devices which enable fast yet accurate evaluations of the above parameters. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine significant differences between the facial areas investigated and clusters of statistically-indistinguishable areas. We found that water content was higher in the cheeks and neck and lower in the lips, whereas trans-epidermal water loss had higher values for the lips and lower ones for the neck. In terms of thickness the dermis exhibited three clusters, which, from thickest to thinnest were: chin and nose, cheek and forehead and lips and neck. The epidermis showed the same three clusters too, but with a different ordering in term of thickness. Finally, the stratum corneum presented two clusters: the thickest, formed by lips and neck, and the thinnest, formed by all the remaining areas. The results of this investigation can provide valuable guidelines for the evaluation of skin moisturisers and other cosmetic products, and can help guide choices in re-constructive/cosmetic surgery.

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“…One of the recent studies demonstrated a skin probe that enabled three different biomarker measurements (Figure 7c ). [ 215 ] The skin probe included a truncated hollow cone probe [ 216 ] housing a force sensor, a thermometer, and a conductance sensor with the capability to measure a sweat rate. The narrow end and closed hollow structure characteristics enabled adequate skin hardness and sweat rate detections, enabling one to measure three different physical biomarkers simultaneously.…”

Section: Practical Challenges On Wearable Human Heath and Performance...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review

et al. 2022

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Human health and performance monitoring (HHPM) is imperative to provide information necessary for protecting, sustaining, evaluating, and improving personnel in various occupational sectors, such as industry, academy, sports, recreation, and military. While various commercially wearable sensors are on the market with their capability of “quantitative assessments” on human health, physical, and psychological states, their sensing is mostly based on physical traits, and thus lacks precision in HHPM. Minimally or noninvasive biomarkers detectable from the human body, such as body fluid (e.g., sweat, tear, urine, and interstitial fluid), exhaled breath, and skin surface, can provide abundant additional information to the HHPM. Detecting these biomarkers with novel or existing sensor technologies is emerging as critical human monitoring research. This review provides a broad perspective on the state of the art biosensor technologies for HHPM, including the list of biomarkers and their physiochemical/physical characteristics, fundamental sensing principles, and high‐performance sensing transducers. Further, this paper expands to the additional scope on the key technical challenges in applying the current HHPM system to the real field.

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Portable Skin Analyzers with Simultaneous Measurements of Transepidermal Water Loss, Skin Conductance and Skin Hardness

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs

Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs

In Vivo Assessment of Water Content, Trans-Epidermial Water Loss and Thickness in Human Facial Skin

Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review

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