Portable quantitative confocal Raman spectroscopy: Non-destructive approach of the carbonation chemistry and kinetics

Tracing carbonation in cementitious slurry using anthocyanin extracted from fresh or stale petals

“…37 Quite the contrary, for the carbonation carried out later, since the local saturation degree of the carbonation front was relatively higher, calcium bearing materials could be deplete once CO 2 reached the carbonation front, and a narrow partial carbonated zone was thus formed. 40…”

Applicability of carbon nanotube-incorporated cement-based composites as a sensor for measuring the carbonation front: an overview

“…To replace destructive methods (e.g., spraying pH indicator directly into the drill hole) commonly used, numerous studies have explored the use of optical fiber sensors, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray imaging as non-destructive methods to monitor the extent of carbonation of structures in real-time [4,[16][17][18]. The sensing performance of a sensor comprising a dialysis membrane, pH indicator, and optical fiber embedded in the cement matrix for measuring the degree of carbonation was evaluated by Ko et al [16].…”

“…The non-destructive sensing of carbonation of pure portlandite utilizing in-situ Raman spectroscopy method was performed by Mario et al [17]. Raman spectroscopy-based monitoring, employing 785 nm and 532 nm, accurately detected the carbonation process of portlandite, facilitating the appreciation of the kinetics of the carbonation at various CO2 concentrations [17].…”

“…The non-destructive sensing of carbonation of pure portlandite utilizing in-situ Raman spectroscopy method was performed by Mario et al [17]. Raman spectroscopy-based monitoring, employing 785 nm and 532 nm, accurately detected the carbonation process of portlandite, facilitating the appreciation of the kinetics of the carbonation at various CO2 concentrations [17]. In addition, the Raman spectroscopy-based optical fiber sensing with laser at 514.5 nm also successfully showed quantitative carbonation profile results, comparable with those obtained from the Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) [18].…”

“…Consequently, to preemptively prevent deterioration due to the carbonation of structures, several non-destructive *haengki@kaist. methods have been proposed to monitor and measure the degree of carbonation [4,[16][17][18].…”