Portable, fast-response gas sensor for measuring methane and ethane and propane in liquefied natural gas spills

Bingham, Gail E.; Kiefer, René; Gillespie, Calvin H.; McRae, Thomas G.; Goldwire, H. C.; Koopman, R.P.

doi:10.1063/1.1137243

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Detector tubes using a colorimetric assay and direct reading instruments (e.g., flame ionization detection, catalytic combustion, and thermal conductivity detection) are also used to determine methane concentrations in the air (13). A hydrocarbon fast-response gas sensor has been developed to measure methane in liquefied natural-gas spills (16). Ethane, C 2 H 6 , is a flammable, colorless gas that occurs in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas (22).…”

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods used to determine methane in the atmosphere may also be used for ethane determination. A procedure for measuring ethane in liquefied natural gas spills using a hydrocarbon fast response gas sensor has been developed (16). Ethane may also be measured in the air using direct-reading devices (flame ionization meter or portable thermal conductivity gas chromatography) (34).…”

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propane concentrations are also determined using headspace gas chromatography methods (46,47). A hydrocarbon fastresponse gas sensor has been developed to measure propane in liquefied natural gas spills (16). …”

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16. Occupational Exposure Limits for Octane in the United States a Trimethylpentane (isooctane), C 8 H 18 , is a colorless liquid naturally found in crude petroleum and in small amounts in natural gas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Carreón¹,

Herrick²

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Aliphatic hydrocarbons are open‐chain compounds that may be saturated or unsaturated. The saturated compounds, known as paraffin hydrocarbons or alkanes , include methane and its homologs having the empirical formula C n H 2 n +2 . The unsaturated compounds fall into a number of homologous series: ( 1 ) those containing one double bond (ethylene and its homologs) and having the formula C n H 2 n are known as olefins or alkenes ; ( 2 ) those containing one triple bond (acetylene and its homologs) are called acetylenes or alkynes and have the formula C n H 2 n −2 ; ( 3 ) those having two double bonds (allene, 1,3‐butadiene and 1,4‐pentadiene represent three types) are diolefins or alkadienes and also have the formula C n H 2 n −2 ; ( 4 ) those having a large number of double or triple bonds or both double and triple bonds are named in analogous fashion as alkatrienes , alkatetraenes , alkadiynes , alkenynes , and alkadienynes . Aliphatic hydrocarbons are asphyxiants and central nervous system ( CNS ) depressants. Serious toxic effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons include asphyxia and chemical pneumonitis for many paraffins, axonal neuropathy for n ‐hexane, and cancer for 1,3‐butadiene.

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Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Carreón¹,

Herrick²

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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“…The LLNL-IR gas concentration sensor was developed at LLNL (Bingham et al, 1983) for use in the Burro Series of LNG spill tests. They were again used to detect LNG in the Coyote Series, Ammonia in the Desert Tortoise Series, and K204 in the Eagle Series.…”

Section: Llnl-ir Gas Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Falcon series data report: 1987 LNG vapor barrier verification field trials

Brown¹,

Cederwall²,

Chan³

et al. 1990

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Nork performed under the auspices of the US. Department of Energ) h) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number N-7405-ENG-48. This document was prepared a s a n account of work sponsored b) an agenc) of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor an) of their employees, makes any warranty, espress or implied. or a w m e s any legal liability or responsihilit) for the accurac), completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein lo any specific commercial products. process. or sertice b j trade name. trademark, manufacturer. or otherwise. does not necessaril) constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation. or favoring by the United States Gosernment or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors espressed herein do not neces->aril) ctate or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and $hall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.

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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Rushton,

Kocabas,

Barranco

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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The aliphatic hydrocarbons discussed in this chapter are open‐chain compounds that may be saturated or unsaturated. The saturated compounds, known as paraffin hydrocarbons or alkanes, include methane and its homologs having the empirical formula C n H 2 n +2 . The unsaturated compounds fall into a number of homologous series: ( 1 ) those containing one double bond (ethene and its homologs) and having the formula C n H 2n are known as olefins or alkenes; ( 2 ) those containing one triple bond (acetylene and its homologs) are called acetylenes or alkynes and have the formula C n H 2 n −2 ; ( 3 ) those having two double bonds (allene, 1,3‐butadiene, and 1,4‐pentadiene represent three types) are diolefins or alkadienes and also have the formula C n H 2 n −2 ; ( 4 ) those having a large number of double or triple bonds or both double and triple bonds are named in analogous fashion as alkatrienes , alkatetraenes , alkadiynes , alkenynes , and alkadienynes . Aliphatic hydrocarbons have the potential to act as asphyxiants and central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Serious toxic effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons include asphyxia and chemical pneumonitis for many of the compounds in this category. There is evidence in humans of axonal neuropathy for n ‐hexane and cancer for 1,3‐butadiene. The hepatic and renal systems can be impacted by target organ toxicity, some of which may not be relevant to human.

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Portable, fast-response gas sensor for measuring methane and ethane and propane in liquefied natural gas spills

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Falcon series data report: 1987 LNG vapor barrier verification field trials

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

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