Porphyromonas spp. have an extensive host range in ill and healthy individuals and an unexpected environmental distribution: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Studies on the anaerobic bacteria Porphyromonas, mainly focused on P. gingivalis, have revealed new bacterial structures, metabolic pathways, and physiologic functionalities. Porphyromonas are mainly described as being associated with mammals and involved in chronic oral infections and secondary pathologies such as cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we collected and analyzed information regarding Porphyromonas isolation sites and associated conditions and showed that Porphyromonas are detected in numerous pristine and anthropic environments and that their host range appears wider than previously believed, including aquatic animals, arthropods, and birds, even if their predominant hosts remain humans, pets, and farm animals. Our analyses also revealed their presence in multiple organs and in a substantial proportion of healthy contexts. Overall, the growing numbers of microbiota studies have allowed unprecedented advances in the understanding of Porphyromonas ecology but raise questions regarding their phylogenic assignment. In conclusion, this systematic and meta-analysis provides an overview of current knowledge regarding Porphyromonas ecological distribution and encourages additional research to fill the knowledge gaps to better understand their environmental distribution and inter-and intraspecies transmission.

Effects on Microbiota Composition after Consumption of Quinoa Beverage Fermented by a Novel Xylose-Metabolizing L. plantarum Strain

“…Prevotella is commonly seen to increase in the gut microbiota after intake of a fiber-rich diet [28,29] and might, therefore, increase as a consequence of the consumption of quinoa [3]. In saliva, ASVs of the genera Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Porphyromonas, Ornibacterium, Paludibacter, Streptococcus and Veillonella, constituting genera of the oral microbiome, were also found to be affected [30,31] (Figure 2). Data of compositional changes of the human salivary microbiota by dietary factors are limited, but Hansen et al [30] did find intake of dietary components such as fibers and fatty acids to be associated with bacterial diversity, community structure and relative abundance of species-level operational taxonomic units [30].…”

Protease activities of vaginalPorphyromonasspecies disrupt coagulation and extracellular matrix in the cervicovaginal niche

“…Given their phylogenetic relatedness to the periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis, we sought to understand whether the two Porphyromonas species most frequently detected in the human vagina, P. asaccharolytica and P. uenonis, possess gingipain-like protease activities (14). Collagenase activity was evaluated using fluorescently quenched substrates (type I collagen or type IV collagen), where proteolytic digestion results in dequenching and measurable increases in fluorescence over time.…”

“…Phylogenetic Analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequences were collected using the Integrated Microbial Genomes & Microbiomes (IMG/MER) (70) or National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases for each Porphyromonas species reported in the human urogenital tract by Acuna-Amador in their comprehensive review (14). Uncultured and recently cultured Porphyromonas species were also included (71,72).…”

“…While Prevotella is an abundant, species-rich and relatively wellstudied vaginal clade, comparatively little is known about Porphyromonas species inhabiting the human vagina. No Porphyromonas species is currently thought to be specific to the human urogenital tract, but P. asaccharolytica, P. uenonis, P. bennonis and P. somerae (in decreasing order of cervicovaginal microbiome citation frequency) exhibit a preference for these niches (3,14,15). P. asaccharolytica and P. uenonis colonize the vagina in 15-50% of healthy women and although their prevalence and abundance increases with BV, they are typically considered low abundance taxa (13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Protease activities of vaginal Porphyromonas species disrupt coagulation and extracellular matrix in the cervicovaginal niche

“…While Prevotella is an abundant, species-rich, and relatively well-studied vaginal clade, comparatively little is known about Porphyromonas species inhabiting the human vagina. No Porphyromonas species is currently thought to be specific to the human urogenital tract, but P. asaccharolytica, P. uenonis, P. bennonis, and P. somerae (in decreasing order of cervicovaginal microbiome citation frequency) exhibit a preference for these niches 3,14,15 . P. asaccharolytica and P. uenonis colonize the vagina in 15-50% of healthy women and although their prevalence and abundance increase with BV, they are typically considered low abundance taxa 13,[16][17][18][19][20] .…”