Porphyrins inactivate Nosema spp. microsporidia

Ptaszyńska, Aneta A.; Trytek, Mariusz; Borsuk, Grzegorz; Buczek, Katarzyna; Rybicka‐Jasińska, Katarzyna; Gryko, Dorota

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23678-8

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…spore loads and increased survival of infected bees [40]. While they were not tested in this study, promising results have also been seen with algal polysaccharides [41], oxalic acid [42] and porphyrins [43], all of which reduced N. ceranae spore loads when fed to bees in sugar syrup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Borges

Guzmán-Novoa

2020

PLoS ONE

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Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that causes nosemosis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). As alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin, ten nutraceuticals (oregano oil, thymol, carvacrol, trans-cinnmaldehyde, tetrahydrocurcumin, sulforaphane, naringenin, embelin, allyl sulfide, hydroxytyrosol) and two immuno-stimulatory compounds (chitosan, poly I:C) were examined for controlling N. ceranae infections. Caged bees were inoculated with N. ceranae spores, and treatments were administered in sugar syrup. Only two compounds did not significantly reduce N. ceranae spore counts compared to the infected positive control, but the most effective were sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables, carvacrol from oregano oil, and naringenin from citrus fruit. When tested at several concentrations, the highest sulforaphane concentration reduced spore counts by 100%, but also caused 100% bee mortality. For carvacrol, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 57% with an intermediate concentration and the maximum bee mortality was 23% with the highest concentration. For naringenin, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 64% with the highest concentration, and the maximum bee mortality was only 15% with an intermediate concentration. In the longevity experiment, naringenin-fed bees lived as long as Nosema-free control bees, both of which lived significantly longer than infected positive control bees. While its antimicrobial properties may be promising, reducing sulforaphane toxicity to bees is necessary before it can be considered as a candidate for controlling N. ceranae. Although further work on formulation is needed with naringenin, its effect on extending longevity in infected bees may give it an additional value as a potential additive for bee feed in honey bee colonies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Borges

Guzmán-Novoa

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Due to the fact that the Nosema spore cell wall is not the target for E. senticosus extract effect ( Supplementary Figure S1 ), as was the case with porphyrins [ 58 ], there must be a different explanation of its healing effect. E. senticosus extract decreased the level of nosemosis, both after the infection as a curing treatment and used in the prophylaxis ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , B: nosemosis treatment, C: nosemosis prevention).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracts from Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. Roots: A New Hope Against Honeybee Death Caused by Nosemosis

Ptaszyńska

Załuski

2020

Molecules

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Pollinators, the cornerstones of our terrestrial ecosystem, have been at the very core of our anxiety. This is because we can nowadays observe a dangerous decline in the number of insects. With the numbers of pollinators dramatically declining worldwide, the scientific community has been growing more and more concerned about the future of insects as fundamental elements of most terrestrial ecosystems. Trying to address this issue, we looked for substances that might increase bee resistance. To this end, we checked the effects of plant-based adaptogens on honeybees in laboratory tests and during field studies on 30 honeybee colonies during two seasons. In this study, we have tested extracts obtained from: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Garcinia cambogia, Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Schisandra chinensis, and Camellia sinensis. The 75% ethanol E. senticosus root extract proved to be the most effective, both as a cure and in the prophylaxis of nosemosis. Therefore, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and its active compounds, eleutherosides, are considered the most powerful adaptogens, in the pool of all extracts that were selected for screening, for supporting immunity and improving resistance of honeybees. The optimum effective concentration of 0.4 mg/mL E. senticosus extract responded to c.a. 5.76, 2.56 and 0.07 µg/mL of eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E and naringenin, respectively. The effect of E. senticosus extracts on honeybees involved a similar adaptogenic response as on other animals, including humans. In this research, we show for the first time such an adaptogenic impact on invertebrates, i.e., the effect on honeybees stressed by nosemosis. We additionally hypothesised that these adaptogenic properties were connected with eleutherosides—secondary metabolites found exclusively in the Eleutherococcus genus and undetected in other studied extracts. As was indicated in this study, eleutherosides are very stable chemically and can be found in extracts in similar amounts even after two years from extraction. Considering the role bees play in nature, we may conclude that demonstrating the adaptogenic properties which plant extracts have in insects is the most significant finding resulting from this research. This knowledge might bring to fruition numerous economic and ecological benefits.

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“…It has also been confirmed that the use of safe, natural bioactive substances such as caffeine, curcumin and coenzyme Q₁₀ (also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q and often abbreviated to CoQ10) may contribute to increased health of bees and protection against parasites (Strachecka et al, 2014a(Strachecka et al, , 2015; piperine may be one substance with similar benefits. Moreover, substances such as porphyrins (Ptaszyńska et al, 2018b) and extracts of polypore mushrooms (Stamets et al, 2018), help to destroy pathogens, preventing their development and diminishing the mortality of infected honeybees. Workers treated with bioactive substances (defined as foodstuffs meant to supplement the normal diet and which are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional value; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piperine as a new natural supplement with beneficial effects on the life-span and defence system of honeybees

et al. 2019

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Many factors, including pathogens, environmental change and breeding techniques, affect honeybee immunity/resistance, so substances and natural supplements that enhance it are desired. To eliminate the impact of unknown external factors, in 2016 a cage experiment was conducted under constant laboratory conditions (35 °C, 65% relative humidity). Bees in the control group were fed with sugar dissolved in water at ratio 1:1 ad libitum with no additives, while the other group was fed with sugar syrup (1:1) supplemented with piperine (3 µg/ml) ad libitum. The piperine-treated workers lived 9 days longer compared to the control group. In the piperine-consuming group, protein concentration and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were higher than in the control group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also higher in the piperine-treated group. Neutral and acidic proteases inhibitors, as well as neutral protease activities, were higher in the haemolymph of the piperine-treated workers than in untreated bees. Acidic protease activities in the haemolymph were higher in untreated workers only on days 18 and 32. Alkaline protease activities in the control bees were higher from day 10. From 10 days old, the total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in the haemolymph of piperine-treated workers. Piperine decreased DNA methylation levels significantly in the older bees. The compound could have the potential to be a natural diet supplement increasing apian resistance to stress factors.

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Porphyrins inactivate Nosema spp. microsporidia

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Extracts from Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. Roots: A New Hope Against Honeybee Death Caused by Nosemosis

Piperine as a new natural supplement with beneficial effects on the life-span and defence system of honeybees

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