Porphyria in herring gulls: A biochemical response to chemical contamination of great lakes food chains

Fox, Glen A.; Norstrom, Ross J.; Wigfield, Donald C.; Kennedy, Sean W.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620071005

Cited by 89 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although there was a significant concentration-effect relationship between uroporphyrin levels and both 2,3,7,8-TCDD and -TCDF, this finding must be treated cautiously as normal uroporphyrin levels in avian livers range from 5 to 25 pmol/g [61]. PCBs have been reported to cause accumulation of porphyrins in chick embryo hepatic cell cultures [62] and in liver and other tissues of adult birds of common laboratory species [63] but not apparently in captive predatory birds [64].…”

Section: Biochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…PCBs have been reported to cause accumulation of porphyrins in chick embryo hepatic cell cultures [62] and in liver and other tissues of adult birds of common laboratory species [63] but not apparently in captive predatory birds [64]. In previous field studies, hepatic porphyrins were elevated in adult herring gulls from more polluted areas of the Great Lakes [61] but not in great blue heron embryos exposed to elevated PCDDs and PCDFs [17].…”

Section: Biochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Elliott

Hart²,

Cheng³

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

101

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Abstract-During the 1992 breeding season, eggs of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were collected within a gradient of exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants, particularly from pulp mill point sources, on the southern coast of British Columbia, Canada. Twenty-five eggs were placed in a laboratory incubator, of which 18 hatched; chicks were sacrificed within 24 h. Hatching success was not significantly different between eggs taken from pulp mill sites and reference sites. A hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) cross-reactive protein was induced nearly sixfold in chicks from near a pulp mill at Powell River compared to those from a reference site (p Ͻ 0.05). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD) activities were also significantly elevated in chicks from nests located near pulp mills compared to reference sites (p Ͻ 0.0005 and p Ͻ 0.02, respectively). A hepatic CYP2B cross-reactive protein was threefold higher in chicks from pulp mill versus reference sites, but the difference was not significant. Residual yolk sacs of eggs collected near pulp mill sites contained greater concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) compared to reference areas. No significant differences in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non-ortho congeners, and organochlorine pesticides occurred among sites. Regressions showed that the hepatic CYP1A cross-reactive protein and EROD and BROD activities were positively correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, and toxic equivalents (TEQs WHO -World Health Organization toxic equivalence factors) in yolk sacs. No significant concentration-related effects were found for morphological, physiological, or histological parameters, such as chick growth, edema, or density of thymic lymphocytes. Using hepatic CYP1A induction as a biomarker, a no-observedeffect-level (NOEL) of 100 ng/kg and a lowest-observed-effect-level (LOEL) of 210 ng/kg TEQs WHO on a whole egg (wet weight basis) are suggested for bald eagle chicks.

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Section: Biochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Biochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Elliott

Hart²,

Cheng³

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

101

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“…Liver porphyrin content showed unexpected decreases with increasing PCB concentrations, given the results of previous studies [41], so these results were considered to be indeterminate in terms of risk to guillemot health. The MFO induction results were significantly related (R 2 ¼ 0.26, p ¼ 0.004, n ¼ 31) to PCB exposure, but the magnitude (1.5-fold increase for the beach compared with reference) of the responses was not great enough to be considered indicative of risk (Table 3).…”

Section: Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effects‐based marine ecological risk assessment at a polychlorinated biphenyl‐contaminated site in Saglek, Labrador, Canada

Brown

Kuzyk

Stow

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Although the presence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Arctic marine environments has been well documented, the implications for the health of biota are poorly understood. In the present study, multiple lines of evidence, including site-specific effects data, were used to assess PCB-related risks to marine biota at a contaminated military site in Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada, from 1997 to 1999. Risks were evaluated for three components of the ecosystem: benthic invertebrates, a bottom-feeding fish (shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius), and a diving seabird (black guillemot, Cepphus grylle). Average sediment PCB concentrations exceeded the Canadian interim sediment quality guideline level by 41-fold. However, sediment toxicity testing and a benthic community survey showed no evidence of adverse effects. In contrast, shorthorn sculpin and black guillemot PCB exposures (measured as sum of 55 congeners) were elevated enough to pose risks to survival or reproduction. Based on the collective evidence, the authors estimated that risks were posed by sediment PCB concentrations greater than 77 ng/g dry weight for black guillemots and 750 ng/g dry weight for shorthorn sculpins. The present study, along with two parallel studies, provided information to support the management decisions concerning potential remedial action on the contaminated sediments. This ecological risk assessment describes the steps and rationale taken to evaluate the risk posed by an area of PCB-contaminated marine sediments in an otherwise relatively pristine northern coastal environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:453-467. # 2012 SETAC

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“…[22] In addition, DDT, mirex, toxaphene, Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have been shown to elicit a wide range of toxic and biochemical effects in both laboratory animals and wildlife pose a serious risk to health. [23,10] PCBs cause deficits in different aspects of animal cognition [24] which indicate their neurobehavioral toxicants. Relationships between prenatal PCB exposure and decrements in neurological tests and cognitive development of humans have been observed.…”

Section: World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues Contamination of Liquid Milk in India-a Review

Richhariya¹

2017

WJPPS

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Dairy milk is found contaminated with persistent insecticides residues.Persistance of pesticides residue in milk depends on its stability, mode of application, duration of intake or exposure and its metabolic fate in the animal. DDT and HCH were found in milk and milk product samples from Maharashtra. The contamination of liquid milk collected from the milk fed depots of Ludhiana revealed the presence of gamma-HCH (lindane) above its maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg (based on a whole milk basis), monocrotophos, methyl parathion, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and triazophos were not found at the detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg (whole milk basis), where as synthetic pyrethroids, viz. cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin, were also not detected at 0.01 mg/kg (whole milk basis). A comparison of the results of liquid milk samples from milkfed depots and local vendors of Ludhiana revealed that the lindane and DDT residues were present more often in the standardized liquid milk samples from milkfed (lindane, 57.1% and DDT, 8.6%) than in the samples collected from local vendors (lindane, 40.9% and DDT, 0%). DDT was also found in the milk samples collected during 2000 and 2001 from milk fed depots of Ludhiana.

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Porphyria in herring gulls: A biochemical response to chemical contamination of great lakes food chains

Cited by 89 publications

References 31 publications

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Effects‐based marine ecological risk assessment at a polychlorinated biphenyl‐contaminated site in Saglek, Labrador, Canada

Pesticide Residues Contamination of Liquid Milk in India-a Review

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