Porous titanium alloy/hydroxyapatite composite using powder compaction route

Abstract

Titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are widely used as implant materials. Ti6Al4V has good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, whereas HA has excellent biocompatibility but its mechanical properties are weak. The combination of properties between Ti6Al4V and HA is expected to produce a superior material for bio-implants. The aim of this work is to analyse the fabricating porous Ti6Al4V/HA composite through powder compaction with the application of two types of space holders. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were selected as the space holder agents. Space holders were removed by solvent debinding (NaCl) and thermal debinding (PMMA). Sintering was performed in a furnace at 1200 °C for 1.5 h. The Archimedes method was carried out to obtain the porosity of the sintered body. Samples where NaCl was used exhibited higher porosity than the samples where for PMMA was used. The high porosity achieved among the successfully sintered samples was 43.9%. Interconnected porous was clearly observed on the sintered composites with a successfully generated size range of 2 μm to 25 μm.

Hydrothermally synthesized titanium/hydroxyapatite as photoactive and antibacterial biomaterial

“…The microporosity itself is essential feature for certain application such as in photocatalysis, or as coating material to preserve the adsorptivity of the surface. In addition, porous structure is required property of HAp-based materials to serve biocompatibility and implantability via the absorption of biological metabolites, cell growth, and providing the diffusion of fluids and nutrients by means of capillarity [ [24] , [25] , [26] ]. As can be seen from Fig.…”

Biomechanical and physical properties selection of Ti-Ha-CaCO₃ biocomposite prostheses for replacement of bone atrophy

“…The findings were consistent with the finding of Mara (2015) for biocomposite compressive strength obtained as 167 MPa. The compressive strength of porous biocomposites varied depending on the porosity and pore size distribution (Arifin et al, 2017).…”

“…Cetinel et al (2019) reported porous titanium possesses a porous structure with interconnected voids, which can facilitate tissue ingrowth and promote osseointegration. However, high porosity in the structure of prostheses affects the strength and can lead to premature failure after clinical implantation (Arifin et al, 2017). According to the results from the selection analysis in Figure 6, gradient biocomposite has proved to be the most suitable for replacing titanium implants as an alternative biocompatible prosthesis with strength, stiffness and fracture toughness values, which most closely approximate cortical bone set parameters.…”

“…These composite structures can provide mechanical support, long-term stability and functionality in a favourable environment for new bone formation by mimicking the natural structure of bone, making them ideal for load-bearing bone replacement and repair (Oshkour et al, 2015). Many researchers have reported the substitution of different composite structures for bone repair and replacements, which include functionally graded composites (Batin et al, 2011;Shahrjerdi et al, 2011;Afzal et al, .2012 andQian et al, 2015), porous composite structures (Arifin et al, 2017;Zakaria et al, 2018;Zakaria et al, 2021;and Choy et al, 2015) and dense composites (Arif et al, 2017;Sikora-Jasinska et al, 2017;Saba et al, 2018 andJeong et al, 2020) using biocompatible materials.…”

Recent Advances in Processing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys through Metal Injection Molding for Biomedical Applications: 2013–2022

“…This has made palm stearin more accessible to end users as a cost-effective commercial binder. Furthermore, as a palm stearin binder poses few environmental hazards, it is highly recommended for use in MIM [198].…”