Porous SnO<sub>2</sub> nanostructure with a high specific surface area for improved electrochemical performance

Kim, Hyeona; Kim, Min‐Cheol; Kim, Sung-beom; Kim, Yo-Seob; Choi, Jinsung; Park, Kyung-Won

doi:10.1039/d0ra00531b

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…By this process, meso ‐SnO 2 materials can be obtained by washing with water without using any offensive materials. In this procedure, NaCl serves as a template to induce a porous structure in SnO 2 during the hydrothermal process 47 . As presented in Figure S1, NaCl was mixed with SnCl 4 .4H 2 O and water, and then the mixture was subjected to a hydrothermal process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this procedure, NaCl serves as a template to induce a porous structure in SnO 2 during the hydrothermal process. 47 As presented in Figure S1, NaCl was mixed with SnCl 4 .4H 2 O and water, and then the mixture was subjected to a hydrothermal process. Subsequently, the obtained meso-SnO 2 electrocatalysts were annealed in the air to obtain V o -poor meso-SnO 2 .…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from surface state modified mesoporous tin oxide catalysts

BinSaeedan

Arunachalam

Al‐Mayouf

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has received much consideration as a substitute to the well-known industrial anthraquinone method. The present challenge in this area is developing appropriate cost-efficient materials with excellent electrocatalytic properties, durability, and product selectivity. This study examined electrocatalytic performance and selectivity toward H 2 O 2 production of mesoporous SnO 2 (meso-SnO 2 ) electrodes prepared using a tunable hydrothermal process. After evaluating the effects of different NaCl concentrations and annealing conditions in the hydrothermal method, an electrode was developed with a significantly improved H 2 O 2 production rate than the pristine material. Vacuum annealing led to materials with more surface defects. Meso-SnO 2 annealed under vacuum exhibits distinctive electrochemical properties of two well-separated 2e À O 2 reduction peaks to produce H 2 O 2 as the main product compared to meso-SnO 2 annealed in air. Most importantly, the introduction of surface oxygen vacancies into the meso-SnO 2 crystal structure was determined to be a prominent approach to enhance its ORR performance in producing H 2 O 2 , showing great selectivity of above 85% at an onset potential of $0.6 V RHE . The vacancy-rich meso-SnO 2 reveals enhanced electrocatalytic performance with ORR peak potential to be 0.6 V RHE, and the number of electron transfer numbers is 2.5, but greater durability in alkaline solutions. Thus, this work presents an innovative route for designing, synthesizing, and mechanistic examining enhanced SnO 2 -based catalytic materials for H 2 O 2 production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from surface state modified mesoporous tin oxide catalysts

BinSaeedan

Arunachalam

Al‐Mayouf

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…In the literature, different strategies have been applied to obtain different structures of tin oxide in order to improve the electrochemical performance [ 17 , 18 ]. By controlling and manipulating important parameters of the SnO 2 , such as the size of the electrode nanostructure and the confinement of the active material in a carbonaceous matrix to prevent the agglomeration of the nanostructures upon cycling, it is possible to increase the amount of lithium-ion reversibility during conversion reactions [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. During lithiation, the reaction mechanism of SnO 2 can be described as two stages: the (1) conversion reaction and (2) alloying reaction, which are given as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Sn/SnO2/C Nano-Composite Structure: High-Performance Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Saddique

Shen

et al. 2022

Materials

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Tin oxide (SnO2) and tin-based composites along with carbon have attracted significant interest as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, tin-based composite electrodes have some critical drawbacks, such as high volume expansion, low capacity at high current density due to low ionic conductivity, and poor cycle stability. Moreover, complex preparation methods and high-cost carbon coating procedures are considered main challenges in the commercialization of tin-based electrodes for LIBs. In this study, we prepared a Sn/SnO2/C nano-composite structure by employing a low-cost hydrothermal method, where Sn nanoparticles were oxidized in glucose and carboxymethyl cellulose CMC was introduced into the solution. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope revealed the irregular structure of Sn nanoparticles and SnO2 phases in the conductive carbon matrix. The as-prepared Sn/SnO2/C nano-composite showed high first-cycle reversible discharge capacity (2248 mAhg−1) at 100 mAg−1 with a first coulombic efficiency of 70%, and also displayed 474.64 mAhg−1 at the relatively high current density of about 500 mAg−1 after 100 cycles. A low-cost Sn/SnO2/C nano-composite with significant electrochemical performance could be the next generation of high-performance negative electrodes for LIBs.

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“…In particular, self-assembled 3D SnO 2 nanoaggregates with high surface areas [ 3 , 4 ] have received considerable attention. A bottom-up, wet-chemical synthesis is one of the major techniques that enables the creation of nanoparticles with various dimensions, ranging from spherical morphologies [ 5 ] to anisotropic 1D structures [ 6 ], 2D sheets [ 7 ], and self-assembled 3D forms [ 1 ] of low-dimensional motifs. Thus far, such SnO 2 production has relied heavily on hydrothermal synthesis, which requires a high temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Crystal Growth Characteristics of SnO2 Nanoaggregates Formed by Sequential Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Reaction and Freeze Drying

et al. 2021

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SnO2 nanoparticles are regarded as attractive, functional materials because of their versatile applications. SnO2 nanoaggregates with single-nanometer-scale lumpy surfaces provide opportunities to enhance hetero-material interfacial areas, leading to the performance improvement of materials and devices. For the first time, we demonstrate that SnO2 nanoaggregates with oxygen vacancies can be produced by a simple, low-temperature sol-gel approach combined with freeze-drying. We characterize the initiation of the low-temperature crystal growth of the obtained SnO2 nanoaggregates using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that Sn (II) hydroxide precursors are converted into submicrometer-scale nanoaggregates consisting of uniform SnO2 spherical nanocrystals (2~5 nm in size). As the sol-gel reaction time increases, further crystallization is observed through the neighboring particles in a confined part of the aggregates, while the specific surface areas of the SnO2 samples increase concomitantly. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements suggest that Sn (II) ions exist in the SnO2 samples when the reactions are stopped after a short time or when a relatively high concentration of Sn (II) is involved in the corresponding sol-gel reactions. Understanding this low-temperature growth of 3D SnO2 will provide new avenues for developing and producing high-performance, photofunctional nanomaterials via a cost-effective and scalable method.

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Porous SnO₂ nanostructure with a high specific surface area for improved electrochemical performance

Abstract: A porous SnO2 nanostructure as an anode active material showed significantly improved electrochemical performance.

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from surface state modified mesoporous tin oxide catalysts

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from surface state modified mesoporous tin oxide catalysts

Synthesis and Characterization of Sn/SnO2/C Nano-Composite Structure: High-Performance Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Elucidation of the Crystal Growth Characteristics of SnO2 Nanoaggregates Formed by Sequential Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Reaction and Freeze Drying

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Porous SnO2 nanostructure with a high specific surface area for improved electrochemical performance

Abstract: A porous SnO2 nanostructure as an anode active material showed significantly improved electrochemical performance.

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from surface state modified mesoporous tin oxide catalysts

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production from surface state modified mesoporous tin oxide catalysts

Synthesis and Characterization of Sn/SnO2/C Nano-Composite Structure: High-Performance Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Elucidation of the Crystal Growth Characteristics of SnO2 Nanoaggregates Formed by Sequential Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Reaction and Freeze Drying

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Porous SnO₂ nanostructure with a high specific surface area for improved electrochemical performance