Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Biosensors: Current Status and Emerging Applications

Arshavsky‐Graham, Sofia; Massad-Ivanir, Naama; Segal, Ester; Weiss, Sharon M.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05028

Cited by 150 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…Porous silicon (pSi) has attracted considerable attention as a promising sensing platform for label‐free detection of a wide range of chemicals and biomolecules . Some of the advantages derived from using these pSi structures are the extensive tailoring of their structural and optical properties, large surface area, and well‐established surface chemistry .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Silicon Nanostructures as Effective Faradaic Electrochemical Sensing Platforms

Guo

Sharma

Toh

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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The electrochemical performance of porous silicon (pSi) stabilized via thermal decomposition of acetylene gas is investigated for the first time. In this study, pSi undergoes two thermal treatments at either 525 or 800 °C, which result in hydrogen-terminated thermally hydrocarbonized pSi (THCpSi) and hydroxylterminated thermally carbonized pSi (TCpSi), respectively, the latter upon dipping in hydrofluoric acid to activate the surface termination. Electrochemical characterization, using cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of several redox pairs, [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3/4− , [Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2/3+ , and hydroquinone/quinone, is used to demonstrate the versatility and high stability to degradation of carbon-stabilized pSi nanostructures and their excellent electrochemical performance. Added to the large surface area, adjustable pore morphology and tailorable surface chemistry of THCpSi and TCpSi, these nanostructures demonstrate fast electron-transfer kinetics, providing key advantages over conventional carbon electrodes. The versatile surface chemistry of THCpSi and TCpSi offer various possibilities to introduce multiple functional groups depending on the nature of the bioreceptor to be immobilized. For proof of principle, the use of a THCpSi-based immunosensor to detect MS2 bacteriophage is demonstrated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showing a detection limit of 4.9 pfu mL −1 . Carbon-stabilized pSi structures represent a new class of nanostructured electrodes for biosensing applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Silicon Nanostructures as Effective Faradaic Electrochemical Sensing Platforms

Guo

Sharma

Toh

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“… 16 , 21 − 25 Nevertheless, common detection thresholds in such systems revealed an inferior performance, with micromolar detection limits for protein and DNA targets in direct and label-free optical detection. 15 , 22 , 25 − 29 Therefore, many have focused on developing assays for improving the sensitivity and performance of such systems, 15 , 26 , 27 , 29 − 31 while others investigated the limiting characteristics of the platform and suggested solutions for overcoming these issues. 28 , 32 − 34 The latter includes mass transfer limitations, which are affected by the nanostructure characteristics such as pore size, height, porosity, surface area, and roughness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mass Transfer Limitations of Porous Silicon-Based Biosensors for Protein Detection

et al. 2020

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Porous silicon (PSi) thin films have been widely studied for biosensing applications, enabling label-free optical detection of numerous targets. The large surface area of these biosensors has been commonly recognized as one of the main advantages of the PSi nanostructure. However, in practice, without application of signal amplification strategies, PSi-based biosensors suffer from limited sensitivity, compared to planar counterparts. Using a theoretical model, which describes the complex mass transport phenomena and reaction kinetics in these porous nanomaterials, we reveal that the interrelated effect of bulk and hindered diffusion is the main limiting factor of PSi-based biosensors. Thus, without significantly accelerating the mass transport to and within the nanostructure, the target capture performance of these biosensors would be comparable, regardless of the nature of the capture probe–target pair. We use our model to investigate the effect of various structural and biosensor characteristics on the capture performance of such biosensors and suggest rules of thumb for their optimization.

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“…These sensors utilize different arrangements [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] for reading signals. Among them, a lot of optical sensors use wavelength interrogation based on high precision measuring of the shift in resonance wavelength in the photonic structure, and the value depends on the environment of the sensor element [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Wavelength interrogation can be accomplished using a tunable laser with a fine linewidth or by launching the optical beam into the waveguide, which contains a broad wavelength spectrum, say, from the super-luminescence diode, and measuring the transmitting signal by the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wavelength interrogation can be accomplished using a tunable laser with a fine linewidth or by launching the optical beam into the waveguide, which contains a broad wavelength spectrum, say, from the super-luminescence diode, and measuring the transmitting signal by the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Both these variants provide the possibility to develop advanced optical sensors [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] with the sensitivity depending on the design of the optical element and the spectrum resolution of the tunable laser or the OSA. Both readout schemes are rather costly, which prevents the wide spread of these sensor technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Optical Sensing by the Far Field Pattern Radiated by Periodic Grating Strips Over Silica Buffer on the Silicon Wire Waveguide

Tsarev

Passaro

2020

Sensors

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This paper presents results of numerical modeling of a modified design of an optical sensor based on segmented periodic silicon oxynitride (SiON) grating evanescently coupled with silicon wire. This segmented grating works as a leaky waveguide, which filters input power from a broadband optical source and radiates it as an outcoming optical beam with both a small wavelength band and a small beam divergence. The radiation angle strongly depends on the refractive index of the grating environment and provides sensor interrogation by measuring the far field pattern in the focal plane of the lens, which is placed near the sensor element. The device concept was verified by direct numerical modeling through the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and provided moderate intrinsic limit of detection (iLOD) ~ 0.004 RIU with a possible iLOD ~ 0.001 RIU for 10 mm-long structures.

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Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Biosensors: Current Status and Emerging Applications

Cited by 150 publications

References 264 publications

Porous Silicon Nanostructures as Effective Faradaic Electrochemical Sensing Platforms

Porous Silicon Nanostructures as Effective Faradaic Electrochemical Sensing Platforms

Mass Transfer Limitations of Porous Silicon-Based Biosensors for Protein Detection

Numerical Simulation of Optical Sensing by the Far Field Pattern Radiated by Periodic Grating Strips Over Silica Buffer on the Silicon Wire Waveguide

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