Porous Polymer Bearing Polyphenolic Organic Building Units as a Chemotherapeutic Agent for Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases worldwide. Although several chemotherapeutic agents are available at present for its treatment, they have their own limitations. The main problems of these chemotherapeutic agents are cost involvement and severe life-threatening antagonistic effects. Here, we report a new biodegradable N-rich porous organic polymer methylenedianiline-triformyl phloroglucinol (MDTFP-1) synthesized via a Schiff base condensation reaction between two reactive monomers, that is, 4,4′-methylenedianiline and 2,4,6-triformyl phloroglucinol under inert atmosphere. Because this porous polymer contains polyphenolic building units and has a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (283 m2 g–1), it has been explored in the anticancer activity using HCT 116, A549, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. We have carried out the flow cytometric assessment using Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining through the exposed level of phosphatidylserine in the outer membrane of cells with MDTFP-1-induced apoptosis. Our results suggested that apoptosis of cells have been enhanced in a time-dependent manner in the presence of this novel porous polymer.

Polymer‐supported palladium (II) containing N2O2: An efficient and robust heterogeneous catalyst for C–C coupling reactions

“…The results confirmed that the structure of TDTB is consistent with the previous report . The FTIR spectrum of TbPo showed the disappearance of carbonyl stretching band at 1643 cm −1 and the generation of the stretching band at 1620 cm −1 , which was assigned to the α,β‐unsaturated ketone of the enol tautomer in the polymer moiety . The peak at 1254 cm −1 is attributed to the –C–N stretching, and the –N–H weak adsorption bands was observed at around 3421 cm −1 .…”

“…The FTIR spectrum of TbPo showed the disappearance of carbonyl stretching band at 1643 cm −1 and the generation of the stretching band at 1620 cm −1 , which was assigned to the α,β‐unsaturated ketone of the enol tautomer in the polymer moiety . The peak at 1254 cm −1 is attributed to the –C–N stretching, and the –N–H weak adsorption bands was observed at around 3421 cm −1 . The results from FTIR spectra clearly indicated that the TbPo can be obtained successfully by the condensation reaction .…”

“…The monomer was synthesized according to the previous literatures . A solution of CF 3 COOH (180 mL) containing hexamethylene tetramine (30.20 g, 215 mmol) and phloroglucinol anhydrous (12.06 g, 96 mmol) was magnetically stirred at 100 °C under inert atmosphere for 2.5 h. Then, HCl aqueous solution (3 mol/L, 300 mL) was added to this solution and the mixture was stirred for another 1 h. After the reaction, the solution was hot filtered and the filtrate was cooled to room temperature.…”

“…The polymer was synthesized according to previous literatures . The TDTB (1.94 g, 9 mmol) and o ‐phenylene diamine (1.02 g, 9 mmol) were added into redistilled DMF (30 mL), and the solution was magnetically stirred at 150 °C for 72 h under air.…”

“…These porous organic polymers are usually synthesized from one or two components via coupling or condensation reaction and obtained great attention because of their ease of synthesis, chemical and water stabilities, high specific surface areas, high thermal stability, and light weight . The catalysts (containing N 2 O 2 active center) synthesized via Schiff base reaction from the monomers of 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol and amines have witnessed impressive progress for their applications in catalytic supports, electronic devices and energy storage, gas storage, anticancer agent, and water purification . In particular, several polymers (N 2 O 2 active center) were proved that they have promising performance in heterogeneous catalysis.…”