Porous nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanofiber networks for high performance electrical double layer capacitors

Xu, Guiyin; Ding, Bing; Jin, Pan; Han, Jun; Nie, Ping; Zhu, Ye; Qi, Sheng; Dou, Hui

doi:10.1039/c5ta06113j

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…[38] In view of the foregoing theoretical studies, extensive experimental results and the comparison with existing similar electrodes, it can be summarized that the following morphological and functional features are responsible for the excellent electrochemical performance of the HPCNS/P composite electrode. [83][84][85] [22,25] (ii) The chemical bonds created between P and oxygenated functional groups on carbon shell facilitated efficient utilization of active materials stored within the HPCNS framework.…”

Section: In Situ Tem Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Assembly of Hollow Microporous Carbon Spheres as P Hosts for Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yao

Cui

Huang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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have been considered as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for largescale applications like smart grid energy storage. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Significant progress has been made in developing cathode materials for high-performance SIBs, such as layered transition metal oxides (Na x MeO 2 , Me = 3d transition metals), [7] polyanionic compounds, [8] and miscellaneous Na insertion materials. [9] The progress of designing efficient anode materials, however, has been relatively slow and finding proper ones is exigent because the commercial graphite anode for LIBs cannot be used to host the Na + ions whose diameter is ≈34% larger than Li + ions in the commonly used carbonate-based electrolytes. [10][11][12][13] Further, graphite has negligible capacities of 30-35 mA h g −1 in SIBs. [14,15] Although Si has been considered the most promising anode for LIBs, it holds very limited Na storage capacities at ambient temperature due to the unfavorable kinetics. [16][17][18] In view of the abovementioned reasons, it is crucial to identify anode materials that possess high capacities and long cyclic stability in SIBs. Benefiting from the high theoretical capacity of 2596 mA h g −1[19-23] by forming a highly reactive Na 3 P phase [24] and a safe working potential of ≈0.45 V versus Na/Na + , [25] phosphorus (P) has been considered a promising anode candidate for SIBs among many proposed materials. [26,27] Red P presents better chemical stability at room temperature and is commercially available at lower cost than other phosphorus allotropes, like white P, black P, [28] and violet P. [29] Nevertheless, most electrodes made from red P suffered low rate capacities, severe capacity reduction, and poor electrochemical reversibility, [19,21,30] which hindered the wide application of red P-based anodes. The following unfavorable reaction mechanisms are responsible for the poor electrochemical performance. (i) The extremely large volume expansion over 300% occurring when red P is transformed to Na 3 P phase causes pulverization of the active material and separation of red P from the current collectors, leading to rapid capacity deterioration. [23,[31][32][33] (ii) The electrically insulating amorphous red P whose electrical conductivity is ≈10 −14 S cm −1 results in large polarization and poor utilization of active material, [20,21,23,25,34] limiting the high-rate performance. (iii) The unstable, electronically insulating solid electrolyte This paper reports the rational assembly of novel hollow porous carbon nanospheres (HPCNSs) as the hosts of phosphorous (P) active materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The vaporization-condensation process is employed to synthesize P/C composites, which is elucidated by both theories and experiments to achieve optimized designs. The combined molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations indicate that the morphologies of polymeric P 4 and the P loading in the P/C composites depend mainly on the pore size and surface condition of carbon supports. M...

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Section: In Situ Tem Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Assembly of Hollow Microporous Carbon Spheres as P Hosts for Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yao

Cui

Huang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…At the same time, the doping of P atoms can also make the electrode material to stand a higher voltage range in the aqueous electrolyte, which can increase the energy density of the supercapacitor. [18][19][20][21][22][23] In addition to the above-mentioned single-atom and diatomic doping, the doping of three-atom heteroatoms has become a hot spot of current research. Wu 24 et al successfully prepared N, F, P ternary heteroatom doped carbon ber materials (NFPC) by electrospinning and annealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

et al. 2019

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An ultra-facile fabrication process for the preparation of phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers (P-PCNFs) through the electrospinning and heat treatment method has been studied. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Studies showed that fabricated P-PCNFs have unique porous fibers structures, large specific surface area (462.83 cm 2 g À1 ), and abundant microporous and mesoporous structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the contents of phosphorus and electrochemical properties in a series of P-PCNF samples can be tuned by controlling the polyphosphoric acid concentration. The electrochemical properties of the materials were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Studies showed that the specific capacitance of the fabricated P-PCNFs using the ultra-facile process reached up to 228.7 F g À1 at 0.5 A g À1 in 1 M H 2 SO 4 . Over 84.37% of the initial capacitance remains as the current density increases from 0.5 to 10 A g À1 . Meanwhile, at a current density of 2 A g À1 , no capacitance loss was observed in 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The highest voltage windows of sample P-PCNFs-1.0 in 1 M H 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte can reach 1.4 V. These properties suggest that the fabricated P-PCNFs exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. Conclusively, the surface of carbon nanofibers can be modified by heteroatom doping or surface activation which can improve the electrochemical performance of the materials.

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“…Moreover, our group prepared porous nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanofibers (P-NP-CNFs) by the carbonization and chemical activation of polyaniline nanofibers. [54] The P-NP-CNFs showed a high specific surface area of 2586 m 2 g −1 and large pore volume of 1.43 cm 3 g −1 . The nitrogen and phosphorus doping in P-NP-CNFs could also increase the specific capacitance by a pseudocapacitive redox process.…”

Section: Carbon Nanorods/nanopillarsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Jiang

Yadi

Nie

et al. 2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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101

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Supercapacitors, as a type of energy storage system, bridge the power/energy gap between conventional capacitors and batteries due to attractive properties such as high power density, long cycle lifespan, and large temperature range. However, the low energy density of supercapacitors compared to lithium‐ion batteries has hindered their general application. In general, the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors is closely related to the structure of their electrode materials, electrolytes, and device design. The main materials used in electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) are carbon materials with various architectures. This is due to their high surface area, good electric conductivity, and intrinsic stability. In this review, recently reported carbon‐based nanostructured electrode materials with 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D structures are systematically reviewed. The effect of nanostructuring on the properties of supercapacitors including specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycle stability is explored, the details of which may serve as a guide to electrode design for the next generation of EDLCs.

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Porous nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanofiber networks for high performance electrical double layer capacitors

Cited by 82 publications

References 50 publications

Rational Assembly of Hollow Microporous Carbon Spheres as P Hosts for Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Rational Assembly of Hollow Microporous Carbon Spheres as P Hosts for Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

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