Porous methacrylate scaffolds: supercritical fluid fabrication and in vitro chondrocyte responses

Barry, John J. A.; Gidda, Harmanjit S.; Scotchford, Colin A.; Howdle, Steven M.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.023

Cited by 118 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…It was carried out by dissolving a gas at elevated pressure (physical blowing agent) [11][12][13] or by incorporated a chemical that yields gaseous decomposition products (chemical blowing agent) [14][15][16]. The foaming technique generally leads to pore structures that are not as fully interconnected as the previously mentioned ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching

Reignier

Huneault

2006

Polymer

221

164

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching

Reignier

Huneault

2006

Polymer

221

164

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“…This novel scCO 2 foaming process has been carried out at high pressure (170-230 bar) and short soaking times (0.5-2 hours) with a controlled venting rate (venting time between 2 minutes and 2 hours) at 35 o C (Barry et al, 2004;Barry et al, 2006;Howdle et al, 2001;Quirk et al, 2004;Watson et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2004). The produced scaffolds with an interconnected porous structure (pore size ca.…”

Section: Control Of Pore Size and Structure Of Tissue Engineering Scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing

Tai

Mather²,

Howard³

et al. 2007

eCM

212

156

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Tissue engineering scaffolds require a controlled pore size and structure to host tissue formation. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) processing may be used to form foamed scaffolds in which the escape of CO 2 from a plasticized polymer melt generates gas bubbles that shape the developing pores. The process of forming these scaffolds involves a simultaneous change in phase in the CO 2 and the polymer, resulting in rapid expansion of a surface area and changes in polymer rheological properties. Hence, the process is difficult to control with respect to the desired final pore size and structure. In this paper, we describe a detailed study of the effect of polymer chemical composition, molecular weight and processing parameters on final scaffold characteristics. The study focuses on poly(DL-lactic acid) (P DL LA) and poly(DL-lactic acid-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) as polymer classes with potential application as controlled release scaffolds for growth factor delivery. Processing parameters under investigation were temperature (from 5 to 55 o C) and pressure (from 60 to 230 bar). A series of amorphous P DL LA and PLGA polymers with various molecular weights (from 13 KD to 96 KD) and/or chemical compositions (the mole percentage of glycolic acid in the polymers was 0, 15, 25, 35 and 50 respectively) were employed. The resulting scaffolds were characterised by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro X-ray computed tomography (µCT). This is the first detailed study on using these series polymers for scaffold formation by supercritical technique. This study has demonstrated that the pore size and structure of the supercritical P DL LA and PLGA scaffolds can be tailored by careful control of processing conditions. Key Words: poly(DL-lactic acid) (P DL LA), poly(lactic acidco-glycolic acid) (PLGA), supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ), plasticization, foaming, scaffolds *Address for correspondence: Steven M. Howdle School of Chemistry The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham, NG 7 2RD, UK Email: steve.howdle@nottingham.ac.uk IntroductionIn tissue engineering, a porous scaffold is required to act as a template and guide for cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue growth. Scaffolds may also act as controlled release devices that deliver growth factors with rates matching the physiological need of the regenerating tissue (Langer, 1998). Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and associated poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers are commonly used biodegradable polymers for fabricating tissue engineering porous scaffolds. PLGA copolymers with various polymer compositions (the ratio of lactic acid and glycolic acid content in the polymer) degrade at different rates. Therefore, it is of great interest using PLGA copolymers to make scaffolds for various applications. These polymers degrade in vivo and eventually disappear at a desired rate while the native tissues grow and the degradation residues are discharged through rental filtration. Moreover, the release of encapsula...

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“…Foams and textiles are the two predominant types of scaffolds used in tissue engineering. Foams can be fabricated by gas foaming, freeze drying, or porogen leaching (Barry et al, 2004;Sproule et al, 2004;Schoof et al, 2001;Ma and Zhang, 2001;Claase et al, 2003;Sarazin and Favis, 2003). Textile scaffolds can be produced by wet or melt spinning, creating fibers that are randomly deposited on top of each other, woven, or knitted (Cima et al, 1991;Freed et al, 1994;Niklason and Langer, 1997).…”

Section: Scaffold Fabrication Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Pre-Clinical Safety and Efficacy Testing

Koch¹,

Moroni²,

Leysi-Derilou³

et al. 2011

Tissue Engineering for Tissue and Organ Regeneration

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Porous methacrylate scaffolds: supercritical fluid fabrication and in vitro chondrocyte responses

Cited by 118 publications

References 40 publications

Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching

Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching

Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing

Joint Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Pre-Clinical Safety and Efficacy Testing

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