Porous Metallic Implants from Additive Manufacturing to Biocorrosion: A Review

Abstract

The improved bulk and surface function of manufactured implants has advanced implantation procedures, leading to a decline in surgical risks. Most of the current techniques discussed in the literature are related to additive manufacturing (AM) of lightweight implants based on reliable, precise, flexible scaffolds and capable of mimicking bone properties while incorporating multi-physics features. Furthermore, these techniques have evolved in the production of a variety of biocompatible materials. AM has progressed beyond prototype to full-scale manufacturing of metals, polymers, and ceramic products. However, metallic implants often fail in vivo due to biocorrosion and deterioration, limiting implant longevity. This study reviewed current trends and approaches to enhancing the surface corrosion resistance of porous metallic implants and the effect of interfacial films on biological activity. The art of porous metallic implants manufactured by additive manufacturing and their biocorrosion behavior are discussed. This review also evaluates future trends and perspectives in additively manufactured synthetic orthopedic implants porous with enhanced surface morphology.