Porous metal block based on topology optimization to treat distal femoral bone defect in total knee revision

Abstract

Metal block augmentations are common solutions in treating bone defects of total knee revision. However, the stress shielding and poor osteointegration resulted from metal block application could not be neglected in bone defects restoration. In this study, a novel porous metal block was designed with topology optimization to improve biomechanical performance. The biomechanical difference of the topologically optimized block, solid Ti6Al4V block, and porous Ti6Al4V block in treating bone defects of total knee revision was compared by finite element analysis. The inhomogeneous femoral model was created according to the computed tomography data. Combined with porous structures, minimum compliance topology optimization subjected to the volume fraction constraint was utilized for the redesign of the metal block. The region of interest was defined as a 10 mm area of the distal femur beneath the contacting surface. The biomechanical performance of daily motions was investigated. The von Mises stress, the strain energy density of the region of interest, and the von Mises stress of metal blocks were recorded. The results were analyzed in SPSS. In terms of the region of interest, the maximum von Mises stress of the topological optimized group increased obviously, and its average stress was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the topologically optimized block group had the highest maximum strain energy density of the three groups, and the lowest maximum stress of block was also found in this group. In this study, the stress shielding reduction and stress transfer capability were found obviously improved through topology optimization. Therefore, the topological optimized porous block is recommended in treating bone defects of total knee revision. Meanwhile, this study also provided a novel approach for mechanical optimization in block designing.

Design of 3D-printed prostheses for reconstruction of periacetabular bone tumors using topology optimization

“…In this study, the SEDs of Type I and Type II prostheses exhibited increases of 143.61% and 35.050%, respectively. These heightened SED values demonstrate that the incorporation of TO and a porous structure result in enhanced mechanical stimulation of the pelvis prostheses, leading to improved stress transmission during movement and reducing the risk of stress shielding and bone resorption, which can reduce impediments to bone growth and ultimately reduce the risk of prosthesis loosening ( Lin et al, 2004 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2023 ).…”