Porous LiMn2O4 cubes architectured with single-crystalline nanoparticles and exhibiting excellent cyclic stability and rate capability as the cathode of a lithium ion battery

Tuning solution chemistry for morphology control of lithium-ion battery precursor particles

“…While historically, battery progress has largely been tracked by adoption of chemistries and materials structures with higher energy densities [2][3][4], another important factor in battery performance is the morphology of the electrochemically active particles within the battery electrode as well as their organization and distribution within the composite structure. For example, the battery materials literature is full of the synthesis and characterization of materials with a wide variety of particle shapes and sizes, including rods [5,6], cubes [7], spheres [8,9], urchins [10], plates [11], and many others [12][13][14][15]. In some cases, the morphology serves to provide preferential diffusion paths for lithium or conduction paths for electrons that improve rate capability or energy density of the battery material [11].…”

Morphology‐Conserved Transformations of Metal‐Based Precursors to Hierarchically Porous Micro‐/Nanostructures for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

“…Iron oxides have also been investigated intensively as promising anode materials for LIBs because of their high theoretical capacity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and high resistance to corrosion. Two typical iron oxide phases, hematite (α‐Fe 2 O 3 , 1007 mA h g −1 ) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 , 924 mA h g −1 ), could be obtained via the morphology‐conserved transformation method. The discharge plateau for iron oxides lies at approximately 0.8 V .…”

“…For instance, 3D hierarchically micro‐ or sub‐microsized architectures are always self‐assembled from nanometer‐sized building units via interactions such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and ionic and covalent bonds. These units consist of 0D structures, such as spherical nanoparticles; 1D structures, such as nanowires, nanobelts, nanorods, and nanotubes; and 2D structures, such as nanosheets . These hierarchical architectures have been used to enhance materials' magnetic properties for magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic energy storage, increase the surface area for catalysts and photovoltaics, and accommodate volume changes during cycling for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) …”

Ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal synthesis of hollow Mn2O3 anode and LiMn2O4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

“…Recently, spinel LiMn 2 O 4 materials with specific structures have been extensively prepared to improve the electrochemical performance. It is interesting that the different structures, such as nanoparticles [22e25], porous [26,27], mesoporous [28], and especially spheres [16,29e34] can exhibit good electrochemical performance. Thus, it is considered that taking Mn 2 O 3 with specific morphology as the precursor, LiMn 2 O 4 or other Mn-based cathode material with preserved morphology can be obtained by simply annealing the Mn 2 O 3 with stoichiometric Li source [29].…”