Porous Al Current Collector for Dendrite-Free Na Metal Anodes

Liu, Shan; Tang, Shan; Zhang, Xinyue; Wang, Aoxuan; Yang, Quan‐Hong; Luo, Jiayan

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03185

Cited by 273 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…First, the manufacturing procedure is facile. The simple melt infusion strategy is employed to obtain Na/C composite, avoiding burdensome electroplating approach that is executed via assembling and disassembling a Na–host cell . The as‐prepared Na/C composite can be directly applied to the Na–metal batteries system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Flexible Carbon Felt Host for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Chi

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

291

205

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role in the high-energy-density Na-metal batteries such as Na-O 2 batteries, [9][10][11][12] Na-CO 2 batteries, [13,14] and room temperature Na-S batteries. [15][16][17][18] However, Na metal anode has been hindered owing to the obstacles of dendritic Na formation and relative large volume change during repetitive electrochemical cycling, which gives rise to poor battery cycling stability and serious safety hazards. [6][7][8]19] So far, much effort has been devoted to investigate Na dendrites under different conditions and explore the mechanism of dendritic Na deposition/dissolution. [20][21][22][23] For instance, Yui et al. utilized in situ light microscopy to observe the behavior of dendritic Na plating/stripping on Na metal or a copper electrode in propylene carbonate-based electrolytes. [22] The dendritic Na deposition/dissolution mechanism described previously can be summarized as follow. First, because of its high reactivity, metallic Na reacts spontaneously with a conventional carbonate-based electrolyte and most organic electrolyte solvents, [24] thus forming a thin and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on its surface. During the plating process, due to the rough Na foil surface in microscale, Na ion flux is preferentially deposited at the protuberances (Figure 1a), which possess much higher electric field than other sites. [25] Then, Na will nucleate and grow along the protrusion, finally generating Na dendrite defined as a tree-like or branched structure of Na metal deposition. [26,27] During Na dendtrite formation, the SEI layer is fractured and the fresh Na underneath is exposed to the electrolyte, causing a new SEI layer to form. Subsequently, in the stripping process, Na which is near the base of Na dendrites will be dissolved at first due to the fact that the roots of Na dendrites have the tendency to accept electrons and dissolve early, therefore leading to break off of Na dendrites and forming so-called "dead Na." [7,22] Consequently, with the continuous Na stripping/plating and the corresponding unstable large-surface-area of SEI layer induced by the Na dendrites, Na ions from both of the working Na metal and the electrolyte are consumed, resulting in a low Coulombic efficiency and a rapid capacity decay. [26,27] Furthermore, as the Na metal does not act as a "host" for the Na ions, the accumulated dead Na and growing Na dendrites will cause a relatively large volume change, which can give rise to enormous internal stress fluctuations and inferior interface stability in the batteries. [19] In addition, Na dendrites will pierce the separator and lead to an internal short circuit and a thermal runaway with Sodium (Na) metal, which possesses a high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential, is regarded as a promising anode material for Na-metal batteries. However, both Na dendrite growth and large volume change in cycling have severely impeded its practical applications. This study demonstrates that a 3D flexible carbon (C) felt which is already commercialized in ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Flexible Carbon Felt Host for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Chi

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

291

205

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“…Replacing commercial Al foil with porous 3D Al foil yielded uniform Na deposition without obvious dendrite formation ( Figure a,b). The Li|porous Al half cells can run for 1000 cycles with a low and stable voltage hysteresis and an average plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency above 99.9% for over 1000 cycles …”

Section: Strategies For Efficient Use Of Na Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies For Efficient Use Of Na Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2019

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Sodium-based batteries have attracted considerable attention and are recognized as ideal candidates for large-scale and low-cost energy storage. Sodium (Na) metal anodes are considered as one of the most promising anodes for next-generation, high-energy, Na-based batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mA h g −1 ) and low standard electrode potential. Herein, an overview of the recent developments in Na metal anodes for high-energy batteries is provided. The high reactivity and large volume expansion of Na metal anodes during charge and discharge make the electrode/electrolyte interphase unstable, leading to the formation of Na dendrites, short cycle life, and safety issues. Design strategies to enable the efficient use of Na metal anodes are elucidated, including liquid electrolyte engineering, electrode/electrolyte interface optimization, sophisticated electrode construction, and solid electrolyte engineering. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are identified. It is hoped that this progress report will shape a consistent view of this field and provide inspiration for future research to improve Na metal anodes and enable the development of high-energy sodium batteries.

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“…In addition, aluminum foil can be used in place of copper as the anode current collector to further decrease the cost because sodium does not alloy with aluminum [4]. Up to present, numerous cathode materials have been evaluated, such as the P2 or O3-layered oxide Na x MO 2 (0.5 < x < 1, M:Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ti, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Capacity and High Efficiency Maple Tree-Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon as an Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2018

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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are in the spotlight because of their potential use in large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and low cost of sodium-based materials. There are many SIB cathode materials under investigation but only a few candidate materials such as carbon, oxides and alloys were proposed as anodes. Among these anode materials, hard carbon shows promising performances with low operating potential and relatively high specific capacity. Unfortunately, its low initial coulombic efficiency and high cost limit its commercial applications. In this study, low-cost maple tree-biomass-derived hard carbon is tested as the anode for sodium-ion batteries. The capacity of hard carbon prepared at 1400 °C (HC-1400) reaches 337 mAh/g at 0.1 C. The initial coulombic efficiency is up to 88.03% in Sodium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (NaTFSI)/Ethylene carbonate (EC): Diethyl carbonate (DEC) electrolyte. The capacity was maintained at 92.3% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C rates. The in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that no peak shift occurred during charge/discharge, supporting a finding of no sodium ion intercalates in the nano-graphite layer. Its low cost, high capacity and high coulombic efficiency indicate that hard carbon is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries.

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Porous Al Current Collector for Dendrite-Free Na Metal Anodes

Cited by 273 publications

References 51 publications

3D Flexible Carbon Felt Host for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

3D Flexible Carbon Felt Host for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

High Capacity and High Efficiency Maple Tree-Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon as an Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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