Porous activated carbon derived from natural waste honeycomb and paper wasp hive and its application in quasi-solid-state supercapacitor

Abstract

Porous activated carbons are derived from natural waste honeycomb (HC) and paper wasps hive (PW) via carbonization and chemical activation. Both the activated carbons are characterized using BET, SEM, XRD, and Raman studies. Both of them offered approximately the same BET surface area, but different pore structure confirmed by SEM images. The HC-based activated carbon offers a higher degree of disorder compared to PWAC which is confirmed by Raman studies. Two EDLC cells are fabricated using ionic liquid incorporated GPE (PVdF-HFP/ EMImTCM) and activated carbons electrodes (HCAC and PWAC). The EDLC cells are characterized using electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The PWAC-based EDLC cell (Cell#2) has been offered large specific capacitance ~ 88 F g− 1 in comparison to HCAC- based EDLC cell (Cell#1) ~ 66 F g− 1. Initial performance of Cell#2 is high due to the micropore nature of PW-based activated carbon as compared to HC-based activated carbon, and its value decreases after certain cycles confirmed by cycling tests. The Cell#1 (HCAC) is offered high-rate performance as compared to Cell#2 (PWAC) which is revealed by EIS studies. It is further confirmed by CV studies that CV profiles of Cell#1 are more rectangular as compared to Cell#2. The voltage range of both cells are optimized and found to be 1.0 V. The cycle performance of both cells was tested and found that Cell#1 is more stable (~ 78% of initial capacitance) as compared to Cell#2 in 2000 cycles.

Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from waste fibers and their application on removing iron (II) ions from aqueous solution: Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies

“…for ACWP and ACWCF, respectively. The BET surface area of the prepared ACWCF adsorbent (1110.99 m 2 /g) was higher than activated carbon derived from waste newspaper-driven activated carbon (509.247 m 2 /g) [43], and paper wasps hive (544 m 2 /g) [44]. It is also comparable to other activated carbon adsorbents, as shown in Table 5.…”

Waste peanut shells derived activated carbon for dual electrochemical applications

“…To study the charge‐discharge performance of the EDLC cell, the GCD is studied at various current values, as depicted in Figure 6. The two main properties of the supercapacitors, that is, specific energy and specific power is, estimated by Equations (3) and (4) 17 where E and P denote the specific energy and specific power, respectively, C is the capacitance of the cell, V is the potential applied, M is the mass on both electrodes and t is the discharge time. The fabricated EDLC cell shows the highest specific energy of ~263 Wh/kg at a specific power of ~57 kW/kg.…”

“…Some limitations may also be related to activated carbon, such as less yield (20%‐30%) and low specific capacitance at high current densities. Activated carbon can be synthesized using different methods such as chemical, physical, microwave‐assisted, and so forth, and by different carbon‐containing sources such as fruit wastes, coconut wastes, rice husk, sugarcane baggage, industrial waste, and so forth 9‐17 …”

“…Activated carbon can be synthesized using different methods such as chemical, physical, microwave-assisted, and so forth, and by different carbon-containing sources such as fruit wastes, coconut wastes, rice husk, sugarcane baggage, industrial waste, and so forth. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] When it comes to renewable energy sources, photovoltaic devices are the most popular and worldwide known. Photovoltaic devices follow the charge separation concept at an interface of two materials of different conduction mechanisms.…”

Enhanced energy density of quasi‐solid‐state supercapacitor based on activated carbon electrode derived from honeycomb and gel polymer electrolyte with redox‐additive methylene blue

“…The detailed preparation and analysis of HCAC was discussed earlier by us. 28 In brief, the process of synthesis is described as follows: The HC was collected from the local place. It was washed many times using double distilled water, then dried ($100 C) and grinded into fine powder.…”