Porosity, Flow, and Filtration Characteristics of Frustum-Shaped Ceramic Water Filters

Yakub, I.; Plappally, Anand; Leftwich, Megan C.; Malatesta, Karen; Friedman, Katie C.; Obwoya, S. K.; Nyongesa, F. W.; Maïga, Amadou Hama; Soboyejo, Alfred; Logothetis, Stefanos; Soboyejo, W. O.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000669

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the first hour, the fully filled filters produce an average of 600-950 ml of filtrate 54 . Similar results have been observed in other frustum shaped ceramic water filter variants across the globe 20,50 . These filtrate productions were in the range 1-3 l/hr 1 .…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…The local potters fired the dried green ware at the same temperature as they used to traditionally fire pure clay flower vases. These temperatures are similar to those set in factory mode sintering 17,50 . Locally available cow dung cakes, organic waste (dried twigs or leaves), waste wood, and sawdust are used as fuel for the furnace 31 .…”

Section: Firing Process Developmentsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The specimens for the strength tests were prepared from the circular base of the eleven randomly selected sintered G filters. A static axial load at a rate of 0.1 Ns -1 is applied to the 35 mm long sample with a cross section of 15 mm × 15-mm 17,50 . The samples were tested for compression on a Universal Material Testing Machine (Model EZ-50, Lloyd Instruments, Germany).…”

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household Production of Ceramic Water Filters in Western Rajasthan, India

Gupta¹,

Satankar²,

Kaurwar³

et al. 2018

IJSLE

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--Frustum shaped clay ceramic water filters are being manufactured by the potters of the Thar Desert in India for household use. The clay composite consists of a homogeneous mixture of equal volume of clay and sawdust. A low-cost manual press, to form the clay composite into frustum shape, is developed by the present authors. This article elaborates critical investigation of the specific traditional clay-firing technique used, to achieve the required functionality and material property of the filters. Household based manufacturing of these filters is found to be markedly different from factory based production by firing process. The functional features of the clay ceramic filter, such as microbial filtration rate, flow rate, and compressive strength, are evaluated and presented. An E. coli bacteria removal efficiency of more than 99% is achieved using these clay ceramic water filters. Optimal filtration rates are achieved between ambient temperatures ranging from 30 o C -40 o C.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Firing Process Developmentsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household Production of Ceramic Water Filters in Western Rajasthan, India

Gupta¹,

Satankar²,

Kaurwar³

et al. 2018

IJSLE

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“…Filtration technologies are finding increasing application in developing countries where chemical disinfection or boiling may not always be practical or effective [5]. Studies have shown that these filters which are locally or commercially designed and produced are effective in the removal of microbial pathogens in water [7,8]. One of the simplest and most common POU water treatment systems is the clay filter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Clay-Sawdust Composite Filter for Point of Use Water Treatment

Nnaji¹,

Afangideh²,

Ezeh³

2016

Nig. J. Tech.

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Water borne diseases have remained a major challenge in most developing countries. This is usually as a result of lack of access to clean water and contamination associated with water fetching and conveyance. This work explores the possibility of improving water quality and eliminating the possibility of recontamination by the use of point of use (POU) water filters made from cheap locally available materials. The performance of POU water filters for the purification of water obtained from various sources was investigated. Sawdust was used as a burnout material in order to enhance the rate of filtration. The clay was first characterized and then various proportions (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% by weight) of sawdust were mixed with the clay for filter production. The clay was found to have a specific gravity of 2.4, a high liquid limit of 81.6% and a medium plastic limit of 48.54%. The flow rates of the filters ranged between 0.0005litres/hr for the filter with 5% sawdust and 0.8litres/hr for the filter with 50% sawdust. The average removal of suspended solids (SS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was 98.6% and 33% respectively while the mean Log10 reduction in total count (TC) was 93.1%. Result of analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between the performances of the filters. However, there was a significant difference between the flow rates with F(18.71) > F critical (5.14). This implies that while burnout materials improve water quality, increasing burnout materials in clay filters beyond 50% does not significantly affect the performance for the filter with respect to the quality of effluent but with respect to flow rate.

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“…International collaborations among the United States and Africa, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] J oint US-Africa Materials Institute (JUAMI) will be held December 10-21, 2018, in Kampala, Uganda. JUAMI features tutorials on cutting-edge energy materials topics, hands-on experiments and learning activities, and research seminars.…”

Section: In Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening diversity and cooperation through international collaborations: A focus on Africa, South America, and the Caribbean

Soboyejo

Madsen

2018

MRS Bull.

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Africa is the second largest continent in terms of size and population.1,2 With approximately 1.256 billion people (about 15% of the world’s population) and a land area of 30.3 million square kilometers (including adjacent islands), it occupies about 20.4% of the earth’s total land area.1 A significant fraction of the people in the Caribbean* and South America are of African descent, and there are many historical and cultural links among the people of these regions.3 South America has 422.5 million people, and the Caribbean has about 39.12 million people;1 hence, the total population of all three areas represents about 20% of the world’s population.1,2 Similarities in climate also mean that common approaches can be explored for establishing sustainable building materials, and the range of development indices offer unique opportunities for collaborations in research and education that can facilitate human development.4

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Porosity, Flow, and Filtration Characteristics of Frustum-Shaped Ceramic Water Filters

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Household Production of Ceramic Water Filters in Western Rajasthan, India

Household Production of Ceramic Water Filters in Western Rajasthan, India

Performance Evaluation of Clay-Sawdust Composite Filter for Point of Use Water Treatment

Strengthening diversity and cooperation through international collaborations: A focus on Africa, South America, and the Caribbean

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