Porosity evolution in the Batu Raja carbonates of the Sunda basin - windows of opportunity

Paleoenvironments and high-frequency cyclicity from Cenozoic South-East Asian shallow-water carbonates: a case study from the Oligo-Miocene buildups of Malampaya (Offshore Palawan, Philippines)

“…Cucci & Clark, 1993;Epting, 1989;Grötsch & Mercadier, 1999;Kusumastuti, Van Rensbergen, & Warren, 2002;Saller & Vijaya, 2002;Sun & Esteban, 1994;Wilson, Bosence, & Limbong, 2000;Wilson, Chambers, Evans, Moss, & Nas, 1999;Wilson & Evans, 2002). In contrast, studies on short-term evolution of shallow-water carbonates in response to 4th or 5th-order relative sea-level fluctuations (sensu Goldhammer, Dunn, & Hardie, 1990) are rare, and high-frequency sequences have only been hinted at in a very few cases (Gibbson-Robinson and Soedirdja, 1986;Kusumastuti et al, 2002;Park, Matter, & Tonkin, 1995).…”

“…In the Early Miocene Batu Raja limestones from the Sunda basin (South-East Sumatra, Indonesia), Park et al (1995) defined wireline log cycles, whose frequency could be compared with 5th-order cyclicity. In addition, these authors evoked the existence of repeated exposure events related to high-frequency cyclicity and emphasized their significant role on the enhancement of reservoir quality.…”

Late leaching under deep burial conditions: a case study from the Miocene Zhujiang Carbonate Reservoir, South China Sea

“…Wilson and Evans (2002) studied Miocene outcrop-analogues of subsurface reservoirs on the Mangkalihat Peninsula, Borneo and concluded that good reservoir properties are a combination of primary intergranular and meteoric mouldic porosity. Park, Matter and Tonkin (1995) emphasized the significant role of repeated exposure events on the enhancement of reservoir quality in the early Miocene Batu Raja limestones from the Sunda Basin (Indonesia). Sun and Esteban (1994) linked the regional development of Miocene carbonate reservoirs to 3rd order sea-level falls and consequent meteoric diagenesis.…”

Platform-top and ramp deposits of the Tonasa Carbonate Platform, Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…These low-angle domal, laminated algal mats, which lack desiccation features correspond to the smooth mats of Kinsman & Park (1976). Extensive smooth algal mats formed of cyanobacteria occur in less than 10m water depth (Park 1977) and are best developed in permanently wet sites, such as shallow pools or channel sites, in the upper intertidal zone of low energy, tropical carbonate dominated areas where hypersaline conditions may develop (Logan et al 1964;Shinn 1968;Kinsman & Park 1976;Park 1977). The truncational surfaces and micritic laminae seen in this algal laminite facies (Fig.…”

“…1), excellently placed with respect to source and seal lithologies, and very definitely form worthwhile exploration targets. However, carbonate reservoirs are notoriously fickle and unpredictable (Park et al 1995) and relatively few detailed onshore analogue studies of carbonates have been undertaken in the region. It is only through a knowledge of processes of carbonate sedimentation, the development and 'growth' of carbonate platforms, and the subsequent diagenesis of carbonate lithologies that a better understanding of the inheterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs can be achieved.…”