Changes in reservoir parameters cause differences in seismic response characteristics, which can reflect changes in the formation lithology and fluids. Herein, seismic physical modeling and seismic response characteristic analysis of P-, SV-, and SH- wave fields were conducted. A seismic physical model was developed in the laboratory, which included several groups of sandstone blocks for simulating reservoir parameters, such as different fluid and clay contents. Two-dimensional wave field data of P-P, SV-SV, and SH-SH waves were acquired and processed in the laboratory. Compared with P- waves, SV- and SH- waves were insensitive to oil and air mediums and were almost unaffected by pore fluids, and the SH- stack profile was superior to the SV- stack profile. Compared with P- waves, shear waves are insensitive to fluids and are less affected by fluid saturation. The reflection events at the interface were slightly better for the SH- wave section than for the SV- wave section. The reflection coefficient of P- waves varied greatly on AVA gathers and was significantly influenced by factors, such as fluids. The variation in the SV- wave reflection coefficient on AVA gathers was not as significant as that of P- waves, and SV- and SH- wave were more conducive to identifying whether the block contained clay. The SH- wave was more reliable for seismic imaging. Overall, this study can assist in combining different seismic wave data for better hydrocarbon identification and reservoir description.