Porosimetric membrane characterization techniques: A review

Testing active membranes for bone regeneration: A review

“…AFM can be used to assess nanoroughness, which is an important parameter that will promote protein non-specific adhesion and cellular attachment to the proposed matrices [10,11]. Fiber sizes, fiber to fiber distance and pore sizes can also be measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and AFM [12]. When using SEM for membranes structural characterization, the sample needs to be processed (specially, when analyzing natural polymers) whereas AFM measures accurately on the nanoscale, produces high-resolution images, requires little or no sample preparation and is able to work in humid conditions [13].…”

Non-Destructive Characterization of Industrial Membrane Cartridges by Using Liquid–Liquid Displacement Porosimetry (LLDP)

“…The bubble point method and all porosimetric techniques derived from it are based on the well-known Young-Laplace (Equation (1)) equation which governs the pressure difference at the interface between two immiscible fluids [19].…”

“…For GLDP runs, the filter media must be previously wet in an appropriated liquid (wetting phase). Perfluoro halogenated compounds are the most successful liquids that meet requirements of complete wettability, low surface tension, low vapor pressures, and low reactivity [19], and accordingly, most GLDP manufacturers usually supply these liquids to their customers (e.g., Porofil ® , Silwick ® , Porewick ® , Galwick ® , with the latest based on different configurations of Fluorinert ® ) [12]. In this study, the wetting liquid was fluorocarboned commercial liquid Fluorinert FC-43 (3M ® ), having a surface tension value of 16 mN/m.…”

“…In terms of pore size, the most complete information comes from determination of the (average) pore size diameter and the pore size distribution (PSD) [12]. There are many characterization methods able to supply the PSD of a membrane, and those can be classified into two main groups: direct [13,14] and indirect [15][16][17][18] methods [19].…”

Uso de nano y micro formulaciones orales de pectina, funcionalizadas con hierro, en la conservación de bacterias lácticas

“…Debido a que es un líquido no humectante, presenta ángulos de contacto superiores a 90°. Por este motivo, el cos arrojará un valor negativo, que refleja el hecho de que el mercurio debe recibir una fuerza para introducirse en los poros (Tanis- Kanbur, et. al, 2020).…”