Poromechanical effect in the lithium–sulfur battery cathode

Barai, Pallab; Mistry, Aashutosh; Mukherjee, Partha P.

doi:10.1016/j.eml.2016.05.007

Cited by 70 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The dissolved polysulfides have high electrochemical activity and mobility, functioning as a catholyte and enabling fast reaction kinetics and enhanced electrochemical utilization of the sulfur cathode . Polysulfide dissolution also increases the electrolyte viscosity and decreases the overall cell voltage . Thus, as the discharge proceeds, the lower discharge plateau typically occurs at 2.1 V, which corresponds to the reduction of lithium polysulfides with the incorporation of extra lithium ions toward the precipitation of highly insoluble and insulating lithium sulfides (Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S) (Figure b).…”

Section: Lithium–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Chung¹,

Manthiram²

2019

Advanced Materials

460

415

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that makes use of intercalation materials as the electrodes (Figure 1), applications involving electric vehicles and smart grids may require rechargeable batteries with new battery chemistries that can generate even higher energy densities for longer driving ranges and higher energy-storage capabilities. [6][7][8] Additionally, the lithiated transition-metal oxides used in commercial lithium-ion battery cathodes tend to be expensive, scarce, or toxic to the environment. Thus, it is desirable to explore new electrode materials that are naturally abundant (and therefore less expensive) as well as environmentally compatible in order to successfully enter the future battery markets. [6,[8][9][10][11] This driving force has promoted the development of batteries with conversionreaction electrodes, in which reversible electrochemical reactions take place and new chemical compounds form during the cycling of the battery. Naturally abundant materials, such as sulfur for the cathode, can be applied as electrodes. Different metallic anodes have shown great potential in coupling with sulfur cathode to generate a high energy density, including lithium metal [3,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17]31] as well as other alkali [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]31] and high-valent metals. [18,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] As a next-generation energy-storage technology beyond lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries are the most promising low-cost, high-capacity energy-storage device available due to their high charge-storage capacity, low cost, and the wide availability of sulfur. [32][33][34][35] The electrochemical reactions of lithium-sulfur batteries involve reversible conversions between sulfur (S 8 ), lithium polysulfides (Li 2 S x , x = 4-8), and lithium sulfides (Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S). [33][34][35][36] The conversions between sulfur and lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfides involve phase changes between liquid-state polysulfides and solid-state sulfur and sulfides. [35][36][37][38][39][40] Thus, the conversion reaction of lithium-sulfur battery chemistry has no restriction in maintaining the initial crystal chemistry of the electrode during electrochemical cycling. [39][40][41][42] Therefore, a full twoelectron redox reaction per sulfur atom can occur in a manner that is both reversible and stable, increasing the chargestorage capacity drastically as compared to the currently used insertion-reaction oxide cathodes. [7,[39][40][41][42] As a result, sulfur cathodes possess a high theoretical charge-storage capacity of 1672 mA h g −1 , which is the highest value among solid-state Lithium-sulfur batteries are a major focus of academic and industrial energystorage research due to their high theoretical energy density and the use of low-cost materials. The high energy density results from the conversion mechanism that lithium-sulfur cells utilize. The sulfur cathode, being naturally abundant and environmentally friendly, makes lithium-sulfur batteries a potential next-generation energy-storage technology. The current state of the rese...

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Section: Lithium–sulfur Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Chung¹,

Manthiram²

2019

Advanced Materials

460

415

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“…Upon discharge, the electro‐reduction of elemental sulfur on the electrode's surface generates high‐order soluble PS species (e.g., S 8 2− and S 6 2− ), which then proceed to be solvated by the electrolyte. The sulfur phase variation from solid to liquid causes contact loss between binder and active materials, as well as subsequent electrode structural collapse …”

Section: Ps Behavior and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Role of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2018

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Intermediate polysulfides (S , where n = 2-8) play a critical role in both mechanistic understanding and performance improvement of lithium-sulfur batteries. The rational management of polysulfides is of profound significance for high-efficiency sulfur electrochemistry. Here, the key roles of polysulfides are discussed, with regard to their status, behavior, and their correspondingimpact on the lithium-sulfur system. Two schools of thoughts for polysulfide management are proposed, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and future developments are discussed.

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“…The dissolved long chain lithium polysulfide in the electrolyte diffuses to the lithium anode and is reduced on the anode surface, leading to a continual loss of the S active material and thus a decaying of capacity . The large volume change of S during lithiation and delithiation causes pulverization of the electrode, eventually resulting in structural damage . The poor conductivity of S not only decreases the specific capacity and energy density of the fabricated cells, but also results in a high ohmic potential drop (IR drop) that fades the cells very rapidly .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(4‐styrene sulfonic acid) to Disperse Graphene for Applications in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2018

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The use of poly(4‐styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) to effectively disperse graphene in an aqueous sulfur (S) cathode slurry is proposed, and the cell performance of the resulting Li−S battery is investigated and compared to that of the battery prepared by adding as‐received graphene. The addition of PSSA improves not only the dispersion of the as‐received graphene, but also the homogeneity of the constituents in the S cathode slurry; accordingly, better electronic and ionic conductivities are obtained. The electrical impedance of the cell constructed using the S cathode with the as‐received graphene is greatly reduced from 142.0 to 14.6 Ω when PSSA is added during the preparation of the cathode. Moreover, the addition of the PSSA‐dispersed graphene to the S cathode significantly improves the capacity, cycle life, and coulombic efficiency during the charge‐discharge process, since PSSA increases the contact between the dispersed graphene and the insulated S powder.

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Poromechanical effect in the lithium–sulfur battery cathode

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Revisiting the Role of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Poly(4‐styrene sulfonic acid) to Disperse Graphene for Applications in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

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