Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology

Ko, Lucy T.; Ruppel, Stephen C.; Loucks, Robert G.; Hackley, Paul C.; Zhang, Tongwei; Shao, Deyong

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2017.10.001

Cited by 157 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Hence, the maturity effect on the OM pore development could be excluded in this study. However, the process by which pores evolve within different macerals during thermal maturation also remains unclear (Ko et al, 2018). Liu et al (2017) and Ardakani et al (2018) considered that pore development totally varies within a variety of organic fractions, leading to different contributions to the total porosity.…”

Section: Controlling Factors For the Om Pore Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

Cao

Liu

et al. 2019

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Nanoscale pore characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan transitional mudrocks and their equivalent strata Wujiaping Formation marine mudrocks in and around the eastern Sichuan Basin was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and low‐pressure N2 adsorption experiments. The results indicate that the Upper Permian mudrock is at a mature stage with total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging between 0.47% and 12.3%. The Longtan mudrocks mainly contain vitrinite, and their mineral composition is primarily clay. In contrast, the Wujiaping mudrocks are dominated by sapropelinite and solid bitumen, and their mineral compositions are mainly quartz and a notably high amount of pyrite. The FE‐SEM reveals that clay mineral pores and microcracks are the common pore types in the Longtan mudrocks. The specific surface area and pore volume depend on the clay content but are negatively correlated with the TOC. The generation of nanometer pores in the Longtan mudrocks is caused by high clay mineral contents. Meanwhile, the Wujiaping mudrock mainly contains OM pores, and the pore parameters are positively correlated with the TOC. The OM pore development exhibits remarkable differences in the Longtan and Wujiaping mudrocks, which might be related to their sedimentary facies and maceral fractions. Vitrinite and inertinite appear as discrete particles in these mudrocks and cannot generate pores during thermal maturation. Sapropelinite often contains many secondary pores, and solid bitumen with large particles, usually with several pores, is not the major contributor to the pore system of the investigated mudrock.

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Section: Controlling Factors For the Om Pore Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

Cao

Liu

et al. 2019

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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“…The pore systems in shale formations are extremely complex since they are not only affected by the components but also by the burial conditions (e.g., time, temperature, and pressure) (Pommer & Milliken, ). Many studies on the effects of the burial conditions on the pore systems have been reported (Curtis et al, ; Ko et al, ; Ko, Loucks, et al, ; Loucks & Reed, ; Pommer & Milliken, ). A brief description is given based on the study conducted by Loucks and Reed ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐Scale 3D Dynamic Modeling and Characterization of Shale Samples: Considering the Effects of Thermal Maturation

Tahmasebi

et al. 2020

JGR Solid Earth

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The development of shale gas necessitates accurate modeling and characterization of these complicated formations, at both small and large scales. At the small scale, the studies based on experimental techniques have uncovered that the components and pore types in shales vary dramatically. Several pore types are identified and varied when the thermal maturation of shales changes. Therefore, accurate modeling and characterization of shale samples require taking such dynamic variations into consideration. This study presents a novel, dynamic, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling technique considering pore-system variation when the thermal maturation changes. The technique can construct dynamic shale models based on quartet structure generation set algorithm and morphological operation. This method can include various elements available in the shale samples in a very accurate way when the dynamic processes are reproduced. To evaluate the performance of the presented technique, 12 dynamic 3D shale models of three cases are constructed. These models are then characterized by analyzing the fractions of components and pores, pore and throat size distributions, coordination number distribution, fractal dimension, and tortuosity. Besides, gas transport in these dynamic 3D shale models is also simulated using pore network modeling to demonstrate the permeability variation of these models. Moreover, the fractions of interparticle and intraparticle pores and cementation degree are changed to further illustrate the capability of the developed algorithm. This study reveals such a dynamic modeling technique is a robust tool to construct various porous media with complicated elements and pores, which is not limited to shale samples. Key Points:• A novel, dynamic, and three-dimensional modeling technique considering pore-system evolution was presented • Generated shale models were characterized by analyzing the geometric, topological, and transport properties of pore systems • The simulation of the gas flow in shale models considers the viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, and surface diffusion Correspondence to:

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“…It has been well documented that thermal maturation of organic matter (OM) with burial is the main factor controlling the development of OM-pores in organic-rich mudstones (Bernard et al, 2012;Katz and Arango, 2018;Ko et al, 2018;Loucks et al, 2012). The available literature reveals that the thermal conversion of kerogen and the subsequent hydrocarbons generation as oil, gas and solid bitumen are closely associated with changes in abundance, shape or size of OM-hosted pores (Bernard et al, 2012;Katz and Arango, 2018;Ko et al, 2018;Loucks et al, 2012). Relationship between maturity and porosity is however, not always clear and contradictions exist between pore evolution models (Katz and Arango, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid bitumen is thus often considered to be the main contributor to the porosity of thermally-mature mudstones (Bernard et al, 2012). Some evidence shows that OM-hosted pores can be occurred earlier, in the oil window within solid bitumen and/or kerogen (Katz and Arango, 2018;Ko et al, 2018). Furthermore, for a given maturity, two formations containing a type II OM can exhibit very different OM-porosity evolution suggesting that other non-maturity related factors such as the maceral composition may have locally a significant influence on porosity (Katz and Arango, 2018;Ko et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some evidence shows that OM-hosted pores can be occurred earlier, in the oil window within solid bitumen and/or kerogen (Katz and Arango, 2018;Ko et al, 2018). Furthermore, for a given maturity, two formations containing a type II OM can exhibit very different OM-porosity evolution suggesting that other non-maturity related factors such as the maceral composition may have locally a significant influence on porosity (Katz and Arango, 2018;Ko et al, 2018). For example, Ko et al (2018) shows that Barnett and Eagle Ford mudstones characterized by differences in Tasmanites abundances exhibit different pore evolution models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Matter Influence on Porosity of Kimmeridge-Clay Source-Rocks: Insights from Organic Petrography and Laboratory Thermal Maturation

Cavelan

Boussafir

Milbeau

et al. 2019

81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019

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This work investigates how slight differences in the relative proportion of OM components and maceral types of marine mudstones throughout a same formation can influence the development and the evolution of OM-pore network during thermal diagenesis of organic-rich marine mudstones. To this end, laboratory gold-tube anhydrous confined thermal maturation, geochemical characterization, organic petrography (palynofacies and macerals analysis), nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, and SEM observations were applied on low-mature marine Kimmeridge Clay (KCF) mudstones. The main properties of organic-rich KCF samples which exhibit a slightly different total particulate OM assemblage were compared before and after maturation at 325°C, 390°C and 470°C for 72h. The results show that organic-rich KCF samples containing higher proportion of oil-prone orange amorphous organic matter (AOM) derived from phytoplanktonic components have developed smaller pores during thermal maturation resulting in lower pore volumes than samples containing higher proportion of brown AOM derived from the selective preservation of cell-walls of green microalgae. Contrary to brown AOM, orange AOM appears thus to be less favorable to the formation of large mesopores. This result suggests that no clear positive correlation exists between the oil-prone quality (HI) of OM and its ability to develop pores during thermal maturation

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Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology

Cited by 157 publications

References 84 publications

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

Pore‐Scale 3D Dynamic Modeling and Characterization of Shale Samples: Considering the Effects of Thermal Maturation

Organic Matter Influence on Porosity of Kimmeridge-Clay Source-Rocks: Insights from Organic Petrography and Laboratory Thermal Maturation

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