Pore structure and surface area of mannitol powder, granules and tablets determined with mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption

Westermarck, Sari; Juppo, Anne; Kervinen, Lasse; Yliruusi, Jouko

doi:10.1016/s0939-6411(97)00169-0

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is because the increase in powder bed porosity allows particle-particle interactions of greater extent during the subsequent stage of compression, resulting in higher tabletability (Westermarck et al, 1998). Additionally, the lower relative degrees of crystallinity of mannitols lyophilised from lower concentrations in comparison to mannitols lyophilised from higher concentrations (Figure 6c) could be another reason for the higher tensile strengths for tablets made from mannitols lyophilised from lower concentrations.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mannitol concentration on the physicochemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol

Kaialy

Mawlud

2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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Mannitol is a pharmaceutical excipient that is receiving increased popularity in solid dosage forms. The aim of this study was to provide comparative evaluation on the effect of mannitol concentration on the physicochemical, mechanical, and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol. The results showed that the physicochemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol powders are strong functions of mannitol concentration. By decreasing mannitol concentration, the true density, bulk density, cohesivity, flowability, netcharge-to-mass ratio, and relative degree of crystallinity of LM were decreased, whereas the breakability, size distribution, and size homogeneity of lyophilised mannitol particles were increased. The mechanical properties of lyophilised mannitol tablets improved with decreasing mannitol concentration. The use of lyophilised mannitol has profoundly improved the dissolution rate of indomethacin from tablets in comparison to commercial mannitol. This improvement exhibited an increasing trend with decreasing mannitol concentration. In conclusion, mannitols lyophilised from lower concentrations are more desirable in tableting than mannitols from higher concentrations due to their better mechanical and dissolution properties. Abbreviations∆H0, Endothermic enthalpy of CM melting; ∆Hs, Endothermic enthalpy of LM melting; ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance; API, Active pharmaceutical ingredient; c.opt, Optimal concentration; CI, Carr's index; CM, Commercial mannitol; Cman, Concentration of mannitol; d10%, particle size at 10% volume distribution; d50%, particle size at 50% volume distribution; d90%, particle size at 90% volume distribution; Db, Bulk density, DE, Dissolution efficiency; DSC, Differential scanning calorimeter; Dt, tap density; EB, Ease of breakage; Eq, Equation; FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared; GI, Gastro intestinal; HSD, Honestly Significant Difference; I, Relative intensity; Iamorphous, the input to the intensity from the amorphous region; Icrystalline, the input to the intensity from the crystalline region; LM, Lyophilised mannitol; MDR, Mean dissolution rate; MDT, Mean dissolution time; P, Statistical probability; PXRD, Powder X-ray diffraction; Q10min, The mean percentage of drug dissolved in the first 10 min; Q30min, The mean percentage of drug dissolved in the first 30 min; Q4min, The mean percentage of drug dissolved in the first 4 min; Q50min; The mean percentage of drug dissolved in the first 50 min; RDB, Relative degree of breakage;

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mannitol concentration on the physicochemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol

Kaialy

Mawlud

2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…Phase identification with the burnout atmosphere was performed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD, Rigaku Co., D/MAX-III, Japan). Pore size and distribution of MLCCs after the burnout process was measured by porosimetry (Autoscan-25, 60, Quantachrome Corp., Syosset, NY, USA), from which the cumulative pore surface area of MLCCs is compared [11][12][13]. The burnout microstructure in the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S2700, Hitachi, Japan).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it can be argued that pore shape and structure will be determined by the mercury intrusion/extrusion behaviors (hysteresis behavior) because the amount of mercury retained by the sample will be influenced by a combination of at least two factors: the shape of the pores and the value of the contact angle [20]. Many reports have been offered to account for the experimental observation that mercury extrusion curves do not overlap intrusion curves [11,12,[21][22][23]. Three explanations appear to be favored by different groups in the literature: (1) the ink-bottle pore assumption [11,12], (2) network effects [21,22], and (3) the pore potential theory [23].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of burnout process on pore structure and burnout microstructure in BaTiO3-based Y5V materials

Kim

Jung

Sung

et al. 2004

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…Analysis of the pore volume (which is related to the cell wall) is crucial for understanding the mechanical properties of wood. This methodology has been used to evaluate cement-based materials (Kaufmann 2010), chemical materials (Westermarck et al 1998), and wood (Chang et al 2011). Kojiro et al (2010) studied mesopores in the cell wall of dry wood using nitrogen gas adsorption and discovered that the mesopore volume barely changed with the elevation of pretreatment temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Property Changes of White Rot Larch during Decay Process

Shangguan¹,

Ren²,

Lyu³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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Larch flakes infested with white rot fungus were examined following several infestation durations with respect to the mass loss, tensile strength, hardness, porosity, and change in cell wall components. Nanoindentation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy testing methods were employed to investigate the property changes during the decay process. The testing results showed that the mass loss was greater and the longitudinal tensile strength decreased following the first three-week infestation. Nanoindentation measurements revealed that the average MOE of infested larch flakes decreased from 24.0 to 17.1 GPa and the average hardness declined from 528.47 to 427.87 MPa following 12 weeks of infestation. After the first three weeks, the relative crystallinity, surface area, and micropore area of the infested samples increased. These parameters decreased after three weeks had elapsed. Changes in the absorption peaks observed in FTIR explained that the first three-week infestation had a strong effect on the mass loss and strength changes. This suggests that white rot fungus intensely attacked the lignin component of the biomass during the first three weeks of infestation.

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Pore structure and surface area of mannitol powder, granules and tablets determined with mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption

Cited by 61 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of mannitol concentration on the physicochemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol

Influence of mannitol concentration on the physicochemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol

Influence of burnout process on pore structure and burnout microstructure in BaTiO3-based Y5V materials

Cell Wall Property Changes of White Rot Larch during Decay Process

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