Pore scale modeling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer: Effects of water vapor and temperature

Lange, Kyle J.; Sui, Pang‐Chieh

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.118

Cited by 90 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The computations of Equations [1][2][3][4][5] are implemented by finite volume methods through the open source CFD toolbox, OpenFOAM ® (4). Note that Equations [1][2][3][4] are coupled through electrochemical kinetic expression of Equation [5].…”

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that Equations [1][2][3][4] are coupled through electrochemical kinetic expression of Equation [5]. This coupled physics is implemented through the electrochemical boundary conditions given at the interfaces between Pt and Ionomer surfaces.…”

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This coupled physics is implemented through the electrochemical boundary conditions given at the interfaces between Pt and Ionomer surfaces. The calculations of Equations [1][2][3][4] are iteratively evaluated by each independent Laplace equation with specified boundary conditions until they satisfy the convergence of solutions. In each iteration, the electrochemical reaction rate is updated based on Equation [5] and then this reaction rate is repeatedly plugged into Equations [1][2][3][4] as source (or sink) flux boundary conditions on the reaction site (i.e.…”

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the interface between Pt and Ionomer surfaces). , 41 (1) 221-227 (2011) Effective Transport Properties and Knudsen Gas Diffusivity Effective transport properties, i.e., effective electronic/ionic conductivity and effective binary gas diffusivity, can be easily extracted from the solutions of Equations [1][2][3][4], followed by the procedure proposed in (3). On the other hand, the effective Knudsen gas diffusivity can be calculated provided that the characteristic length scale of pore confinement is known for the microstructure (5).…”

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the limited accessibility of experiments based reconstruction techniques, such as dual-beam focused ion beam-scanning electro microscopy (FIB-SEM) or micro XRay computed tomography (XCT) (6,7,8), within sample micro-structures of the catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), sample microstructures of catalyst layers are often reconstructed through numerical model (1,2,3). Overlapping spheres of different diameters represents particles of Carbon, Pt and Ionomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effective Transport Properties Accounting for Electrochemical Reactions of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

Pharoah

Choi

Chueh³

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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There has been a rapidly growing interest in three-dimensional microstructural reconstruction of fuel cell electrodes so as to derive more accurate descriptors of the pertinent geometric and effective transport properties. Due to the limited accessibility of experiments based reconstruction techniques, such as dual-beam focused ion beamscanning electro microscopy or micro X-Ray computed tomography, within sample micro-structures of the catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), a particle based numerical model is used in this study to reconstruct sample microstructure of the catalyst layers in PEMFCs. Then the reconstructed sample structure is converted into the computational grid using body-fitted/cut-cell based unstructured meshing technique. Finally, finite volume methods (FVM) are applied to calculate effective properties on computational sample domains.

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Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Methods and Electrochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effective Transport Properties Accounting for Electrochemical Reactions of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

Pharoah

Choi

Chueh³

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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Measurements of Pore Size Distribution, Porosity, Effective Oxygen Diffusivity, and Tortuosity of PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes

Carter

Zhang

2012

Fuel Cells

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The characterization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes is essential for understanding the electrode performance. In this paper, mercury intrusion porosimetry and the nitrogen adsorption method were used to measure pore size distributions and porosities (ϵ) of various electrodes, which were made with either platinum supported on amorphous carbon (Pt/VA) or platinum supported on graphitized carbon (Pt/VG), and had ionomer‐to‐carbon weight ratios (I/C) of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. The oxygen effective diffusivity ($ D_{{\rm O}_2}^{\rm eff} $) in electrodes was measured as a function of relative humidity (RH) in an apparatus that was previously described [Z. Yu, R. N. Carter, J. Power Sources 195 (2010) 1079–1084]. The tortuosity of electrodes at the dry condition (80 °C and 0% RH) was then determined from the measured porosities and $ D_{{\rm O}_2}^{\rm eff} $. For a given catalyst, as the I/C ratio increased, it was found that the electrode's mean pore size, porosity, and $ D_{{\rm O}_2}^{\rm eff} $ all decreased, but the tortuosity increased. For a given I/C ratio, the Pt/VA electrode exhibited larger mean pore size, larger porosity, larger $ D_{{\rm O}_2}^{\rm eff} $, and smaller tortuosity compared with the Pt/VG electrode. The contrast between Pt/VA and Pt/VG electrodes with the same I/C ratio indicates different ionomer distribution on the catalyst surface.

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Boosting Bulk Oxygen Transport with Accessible Electrode Nanostructure in Low Pt Loading PEMFCs

Cheng,

Zhou,

Luo

et al. 2024

Small

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Despite the high potential for reducing carbon emissions and contributing to the future of energy utilization, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) face challenges such as high costs and sluggish oxygen transport in cathode catalyst layers (CCLs). In this study, the impact of pore size distribution on bulk oxygen transport behavior is explored by introducing nano calcium carbonate of varying particle sizes for pore‐forming. Physicochemical characterizations for are employed to examine the electrode structure, while in situ electrochemical measurements are used to scrutinize bulk oxygen transport resistance, effective oxygen diffusivity () and fuel cell performance. Additionally, the CCLs are constructed with aid of Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations and for CCLs with different pore size distribution are calculated. The findings reveal that initially increases and then decreases as the most probable pore size increases. A “sphere‐pipe” model is proposed to describe practical bulk oxygen transport in CCLs, highlighting the significant role of not only the pore size of secondary pores but also the number of primary pores in bulk oxygen transport.

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Pore scale modeling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer: Effects of water vapor and temperature

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Effective Transport Properties Accounting for Electrochemical Reactions of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

Effective Transport Properties Accounting for Electrochemical Reactions of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

Measurements of Pore Size Distribution, Porosity, Effective Oxygen Diffusivity, and Tortuosity of PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes

Boosting Bulk Oxygen Transport with Accessible Electrode Nanostructure in Low Pt Loading PEMFCs

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