Pore-engineered nanoarchitectonics for cancer therapy

Abstract

Nanoarchitectonics describes the integration of nanotechnology with other fields as a postnanotechnology concept that elevates it to material science. Based on this fundamental principle, we address pore-engineered nanoarchitectonics with application targets for cancer therapy by combining basic descriptions and exemplifying therapy applications in this review. The initial two sections briefly summarize pore-engineered nanoarchitectonics basics according to classification based on (i) material porosity and (ii) material composition. Afterward, the main application-oriented section—designing mesoporous material for cancer therapy—is presented. Various types of drug delivery systems, including mesoporous nanoparticles as nanocarriers, endogenous stimuli-responsive drug delivery, exogenous stimuli-responsive drug delivery, and targeted drug delivery, are described. Importantly, the clinical translation of mesoporous materials is further discussed. Mesoporous materials are unique nanoparticles that offer a network of cavities as vehicles for drug nanocarriers. Regarding the developments that allow mesoporous nanoparticles to be broadly used in clinical settings, there are several challenges that should be solved for their clinical application. From a clinical perspective, there are tremendous processes in the development of mesoporous materials.

Porphyrin and doxorubicin mediated nanoarchitectonics of copper clusters: a bimodal theranostics for cancer diagnosis and treatment in vitro

“…S8, ESI †). The supernatant was studied for Dox absorbance at specific time intervals (15,45,90, and 180 min). At physiological pH, there is only a negligible drug release, and it remains constant in all four-time intervals (Fig.…”

“…11 Surface modifications that result in nanostructures are frequently employed in diagnostic applications by means of conjugation, which involves the incorporation of diagnostic and therapeutic moieties. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Nanoparticles labeled with diagnostics and therapeutic molecules are highly useful in cancer research. 21,22 Metal nanoclusters, especially gold and silver, are widely researched for cancer therapy due to their non-toxicity to normal cells and ultra-small size.…”

Porphyrin‐Based Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications

“…[19] Several methods have been reported to synthesize the porphyrinbased MOFs, including solvothermal, microwave-assisted, and surfactant-assisted methods. [20] MOFs exhibit remarkable characteristics, including ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable structure, [21] making them ideal for the development of multifunctional nanozymes. The integration of porphyrins into MOFs represents a promising approach to creating a new class of organic-inorganic nanozymes with unique properties and potential applications.…”

Layer-by-layer designer nanoarchitectonics for physical and chemical communications in functional materials

“…In fact, recent papers advocating nanoarchitectonics include multiple topics ranging from material synthesis, 16 structure control, 17 fundamental physical phenomena, 18 and biochemistry-related research 19 to applications such as catalysts, 20 sensors, 21 devices, 22 energy, 23 environment, 24 and biomedical research. 25 Since materials are originally formed from atoms and molecules, nanoarchitectonics, which architects functional materials from atoms and molecules, can be applied to all materials. It may correspond to the theory of everything, 26 which could be the super unification theory (SUT) in the world of physics.…”