Pore characteristics of bone substitute materials assessed by microcomputed tomography

Klein, Martine; Goetz, Hermann; Pazen, Sabine; Al‐Nawas, Bilal; Wagner, Wilfried; Duschner, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01605.x

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Osteoinduction associated with implanted bioscaffolds appears to be dependent on the presence of certain structural elements such as macroporosity and a microporous surface to create a suitable microenvironment for cell differentiation and new bone formation [10,12,[40][41][42][43]. The HA-TCP used in this study (Straumann Bone Ceramic®) has a high interconnected macroporosity with a macropore size of 100-500 μm and a median pore diameter of 200 μm [44] which is in the range reported to be ideal for promotion of angiogenesis and osteoblast growth [11,[45][46][47]. However, the high sintering temperature of this material at 1,100-1,500°C may result in low surface microporosity and specific surface area [48,49] explaining the absence of bone formation in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Emdogain® and platelet-derived growth factor on the osteoinductive potential of hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate

2011

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The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroxyapatite β-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) either alone or coated with Emdogain (EMD) or recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) becomes osteoinductive in the murine thigh muscle model for osteoinduction. Twenty CD1 adult male mice had gelatin capsules implanted into the thigh muscle of both hind limbs. The capsules were either empty or contained one of the following: uncoated particulate HA-TCP, EMD-coated HA-TCP or rhPDGF-BB-coated HA-TCP. The implant sites were assessed histologically at 4 and 8 weeks. A semi-quantitative histological examination was performed to assess the inflammatory changes, reparative processes and osteoinduction within the graft site. At both 4 and 8 weeks, histological analysis failed to demonstrate any osteoinductive activity in any of the specimens from the experimental groups. A minimal chronic inflammatory response and foreign body reaction around the implanted materials was seen which reduced over time. The HA-TCP particles were embedded within fibrous connective tissue and were encapsulated by a dense cellular layer consisting of active fibroblasts and occasional macrophages with the thickness of this layer decreasing over time. The results of this study suggest that the use of commercially available HA-TCP alone or in combination with EMD or rhPDGF-BB is biocompatible but not osteoinductive in the murine thigh muscle model of osteoinduction. Coating HA-TCP with EMD or rhPDGF-BB does not enhance its osteoinductive potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Emdogain® and platelet-derived growth factor on the osteoinductive potential of hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate

2011

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“…, from the macro-, meso-, micrometer down to the nanometer scale [101], including both multifunctional bioactive glass composite structures (see §3.2) and advanced bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds exhibiting oriented microstructures, controlled porosity and directional mechanical properties [99,102,103,104,105], as discussed in the following paragraphs. Most studies have investigated mainly the mechanical properties, in vitro and cell biological behavior of glass-ceramic scaffolds [13,14,15,30,43,52,94,95,97,99,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124], as summarized in Table 1, and scaffolds with compressive strength [99,102] and elastic modulus values [99,105] in magnitudes far above that of cancellous bone and close to the lower limit of cortical bone have been realized.…”

Section: Silicate-based Bioactive Glass Tissue Engineering Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2010

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Traditionally, bioactive glasses have been used to fill and restore bone defects. More recently, this category of biomaterials has become an emerging research field for bone tissue engineering applications. Here, we review and discuss current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds on the basis of melt-derived bioactive silicate glass compositions and relevant composite structures. Starting with an excerpt on the history of bioactive glasses, as well as on fundamental requirements for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, a detailed overview on recent developments of bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds will be given, including a summary of common fabrication methods and a discussion on the microstructural-mechanical properties of scaffolds in relation to human bone (structure-property and structure-function relationship). In addition, ion release effects of bioactive glasses concerning osteogenic and angiogenic responses are addressed. Finally, areas of future research are highlighted in this review.

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“…The method has gained a considerable interest in the study of bone and biomaterials and provides 3D and 2D measurements of porosity [17][18][19][20][21]. MicroCT was used to analyze the morphology and size of b-TCP granules but the method does not evidence the inner composition and the sintered minute grains composing the granules [11,13,22]. MicroCT of calcified objects uses a filtered polychromatic X-ray beam with an aluminum filter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of β-tricalcium phosphate granules prepared with different formulations by nano-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy

et al. 2015

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Among biomaterials used for filling bone defects, beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is suitable in non-bearing bones, particularly in dental implantology, oral and maxillofacial surgery. When β-TCP granules are placed in a bone defect, they occupy the void 3D volume. Little is known about the 3D arrangement of the granules, which depends on the nature and size of the granules. The aim of this study was to examine the 3D architecture of porous β-TCP granules. Granules were prepared with different concentrations of β-TCP powder in slurry (10, 11, 15, 18, 21, and 25 g of β-TCP powder in distilled water). Granules were prepared by the polyurethane foam method. They were analyzed by nano-computed tomography (nanoCT) and compared with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Commercial granules of hydroxyapatite-β-TCP prepared by the same methodology were also used. The outer and inner architectures of the granules were shown by nanoCT which evidenced macroporosity, internal porosity and microporosity between the sintered grains. Macroporosity was reduced at high concentration and conversely, numerous concave surfaces were observed. Internal porosity, related to the sublimation of the polyurethane foam, was present in all the granules. Microporosity at the grain joints was evidenced by SEM and on 2D nanoCT sections. Granules presented a heterogeneous aspect due to the different mineralization degree of the sintered powder grains in the β-TCP granules; the difference between hydroxyapatite and β-TCP was also evidenced. NanoCT is an interesting method to analyze the fine morphology of biomaterials with a resolution close to synchrotron and better than microcomputed tomography.

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Pore characteristics of bone substitute materials assessed by microcomputed tomography

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

The effect of Emdogain® and platelet-derived growth factor on the osteoinductive potential of hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate

The effect of Emdogain® and platelet-derived growth factor on the osteoinductive potential of hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate

Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Analysis of β-tricalcium phosphate granules prepared with different formulations by nano-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy

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