Pore anisotropy in 3–3 piezoelectric composites

Effects of pore size and orientation on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 1–3 type porous PZT ceramics

“…According to previous research, 16 the alignment of pores in the direction of poling resulted in an increase in the volume fraction of active material connected in the poling-direction that would result in an increase in ε r , whereas pore shape did not greatly affect ε r . As Fig.…”

Fabrication, modelling and use of porous ceramics for ultrasonic transducer applications

“…Several authors have shown that if the lengths of each of the three branches are different for 3-3 connectivity, large differences can be obtained on effective parameters. If the vertical branch (in the poling direction) is privileged, effective piezoelectric coefficients and thickness coupling factor can be increased [26,36]. This observation is due to the fact that 1-3 connectivity (with the vertical branch) becomes predominant which significantly increase the performance while the two horizontal branches (in series for the homogenisation) contribute mainly to increase the porosity volume fraction but not, for example, the piezoelectric activity.…”

Fabrication and electrical properties of porous BS–0.64PT high temperature piezoceramics using polystyrene microsphere

“…It is well known that electrical and acoustic properties of porous piezoelectric materials are strongly dependent on pore properties, such as porosity, pore size, pore morphology, pore alignment and pore connectivity (0-3, 1-3, 3-3) [6][7][8][9]. The two digitals in 0-3 represent the steric connectivity of pore and matrix material, respectively.…”