Pore and compression characteristics of clay solidified by ionic soil stabilizer

Wu, Xue-Ting; Sun, Jinshan; Qi, Yi; Chen, Bin

doi:10.1007/s10064-021-02145-1

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The cement used for testing purpose is ordinary Portland cement produced by Ma'anshan Conch Cement Co. Ltd. (Ma'anshan, China). The addition of an ionic curing agent ensures that the modified soil exhibits superior water stability, the physical and chemical properties of ionic curing agent is shown in Table 3 [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Characteristics of Iron Tailings Blended Soil as a Road Base Material

et al. 2021

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Cement and ionic curing agent were blended with iron tailings (ITS) and natural soil to prepare a new road base material. 7-d unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was selected as the evaluation index for determining the optimal mix ratio. The results reveal that the 7-d UCS always increases with the increase of cement content, and firstly increases with the increase of curing agent content and then tends to remain stable, exhibiting an increasing trend first and then dropping with the increase of ITS content. In lieu of this, the optimum ratio of iron tailings blended soil (ITBS) is determined as follows: ITS and soil are mixed in ratio of 50: 50, and cement and soil curing agent account for 5% and 2% of the total mass, respectively. The results of splitting strength and flexural-tensile strength tests show that these strengths of the ITBS always increase with the curing age, and firstly increases and then decreases with the increase in ITS content. XRD and SEM analyses show that the ratio of ITS to soil significantly influences the micro-pore structure of the blended soil. At an ITS to soil ratio of 50% : 50%, the combination of soil and ITS particles is the closest which results in the highest strength attainment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Characteristics of Iron Tailings Blended Soil as a Road Base Material

et al. 2021

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“…Figure 8 shows the pore vector images from PCAS corresponding to the SEM micrographs (2000×) of different samples. The physical true values converted from image processing data [56] are listed in Table 4. The small error between actual and image analytical porosity (about −0.97% to −5.55%) demonstrated the credibility of PCAS.…”

Section: Microscopic Analysis For Solidification Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solidification Effect and Mechanism of Marine Muck Treated with Ionic Soil Stabilizer and Cement

Liu

et al. 2021

Minerals

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In this study, an environmentally friendly ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) was adopted with combination of Portland cement to stabilize a marine muck. The macro and micro tests results demonstrated that the ISS was an effective stabilizer to improve the strength of marine muck when it was used combined with cement after adding the alkalizer NaOH. Except for the reduction in interlayer distance of clay minerals by ISS, Ca2+ and SO42− dissolved from ISS promoted the production of ettringite (AFt), pozzolanic and carbonation reactions of Portland cement in the presence of NaOH. Meanwhile, the hydration products of curing reaction notably agglomerated soil particles, which caused an obvious decrease of pores and a high increase of strength for solidified soils. Furthermore, this combination of stabilizers can not only save the dosage of cement, but also accelerate the solidification speed, decrease the cement setting time within 7 days to meet the curing requirements, and enhance the strength of solidified soils.

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“…Gautam et al [31] used a liquid ionic soil stabilizer (LISS) to treat Carrollton expansive clay and observed a 53% reduction in swell when the soil was compacted at the optimal moisture content. Wu et al [32] investigated pore and compression behaviors using an ionic soil stabilizer to treat Wuhan clay and found that it led to changes in pore direction, reductions in pore number and size, decrease in porosity, and the formation of larger aggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behavior of Hydrated-Lime–Liquid-Stabilizer-Treated Granular Lateritic Soils

Tang

Zeng²,

Shi

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Granular lateritic soil is commonly used for road construction in humid tropical and subtropical regions. However, the high plastic clay content and poor particle distribution of some laterite materials make them unsuitable for bases and subbases. Lime treatment is a widely used method for improving problematic lateritic soil, and liquid ionic stabilizers are considered an environmentally friendly solution for reinforcing such soils. However, using only lime or only stabilizers may not be optimal. This study investigated the effect of treating granular lateritic soil with hydrated lime and a new liquid stabilizer, Zhonglu-2A (ZL-2A). A series of indoor tests, including compaction, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength tests, were conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrated lime content and stabilizer content on the mechanical properties, mineralogical composition, and microstructure of the soil. The results show that an increase in hydrated lime dosage increases the optimal moisture content and decreases the maximum dry density. The CBR of lime-stabilizer-treated laterite was at least 2–3 times higher than that of the only-lime-treated soil. The highest CBR was observed in samples treated with 0.2‰ ZL-2A stabilizer. The sample with 6% lime and 0.2‰ ZL-2A stabilizer exhibited the highest unconfined compressive strength, and a nearly linear increase was observed between the unconfined compressive strength and CBR. Further investigation of the stabilization mechanism using X-ray diffraction mineralogy analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the inorganic substances of the ZL-2A stabilizer and the hydrated lime provided the basic conditions for the reaction and generated cementitious hydrates on the clay particles. The mixture of granular lateritic soil and hydrated lime was wrapped by the ZL-2A stabilizer, forming a complex spatial structure and improving the strength of the soil. To improve the bearing capacity of subgrades in actual subgrade engineering, a combination of a liquid ionic stabilizer and lime should be used to treat laterite.

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Pore and compression characteristics of clay solidified by ionic soil stabilizer

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Strength Characteristics of Iron Tailings Blended Soil as a Road Base Material

Strength Characteristics of Iron Tailings Blended Soil as a Road Base Material

Solidification Effect and Mechanism of Marine Muck Treated with Ionic Soil Stabilizer and Cement

Mechanical Behavior of Hydrated-Lime–Liquid-Stabilizer-Treated Granular Lateritic Soils

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