Porcine Wharton’s jelly cells distribute throughout the body after intraperitoneal injection

Abstract

BackgroundWharton's jelly cells (WJCs) have multiple differentiation potentials and are easily harvested in large numbers. WJCs are well tolerated in allogeneic environments and there is a growing list of their therapeutic effects. Most therapies require administering large numbers of cells and this is generally accomplished by intravenous injection. Here, we studied the locations of porcine WJCs in immune-competent, allogeneic hosts after intraperitoneal (IP) injection.MethodsMale porcine WJCs were administered to female neonatal piglets by IP injection. The location of transplanted cells was examined at 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days after administration using confocal microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transplanted cells were also retrieved from the intestines of recipients and were cultured. Previously transplanted cells were identified by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using a Y-chromosome probe.ResultsAllogeneic cells were identified in the small and large intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, diaphragm, omentum, kidney, pancreas, mesenteric lymph nodes, heart, lungs, uterus, bladder, and skeletal muscle. Male cells (SRY positive) were found in cultures of cells harvested from the intestinal mucosa 1 week after administration of male porcine WJCs.ConclusionsOur results show that porcine WJCs distribute widely to the organs in immunocompetent allogeneic hosts after IP administration. They may distribute through the lymphatics initially, and a prominent site of incorporation is the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. In that location they could function in the niche of endogenous stem cells and provide secretory products to cells in the tissue damaged by intestinal disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0775-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Biodistribution of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Administration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review

“…Similar results were found in another study [102], with MSCs remaining for up to 4 weeks; (b) When injected intraperitoneally [103,104], MSCs seem to spread mostly to abdominal organs (liver, spleen and intestine) with little distribution to the lungs, heart, blood and lymph nodes. Other study shows that Wharton's Jelly MSCs are capable of distributing to the whole body after intraperitoneal injection at days 1, 7, 14 and 21 in piglets [105]. (c) When injected in the peri-fistula area [106], MSCs do not seem to distribute systemically.…”

“…Finally, it is possible to label cells with specific genes that can be subsequently detected by PCR methods [26,44,105]. The main disadvantage of this cell-marking technique is that a tissue sample is required so that the distribution of cells cannot be assessed in vivo in most cases.…”

Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Routes of Administration of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells in Cell Therapy of Acute Hepatic Insufficiency

“…Previous studies performed after administration of bone marrow cells to mice indicate that such elevated ALP activity may also reflect the role of this enzyme as a ‘signal regulator’ determining the fate of the administered cells, which was associated with the differentiation of the administered cells into osteoblasts [ 42 ]. On the other hand, the decrease in blood glucose levels observed by us in this study, particularly severe after intraperitoneal administration of hAECs, may be related to decreased appetite in injected rodents or to the passage of hAECs into the intestines and impaired glucose absorption [ 19 , 43 ].…”

“…The direct introduction of cells into the bloodstream promotes their colonisation in the damaged organ. Compared to the above, intraperitoneal administration is faster and less invasive, but it promotes cell dispersion in the body, which may have a different impact on their therapeutic effect [ 19 ]. In addition, it is not known whether the inflammation occurring in the recipient significantly affects the biodistribution of the administered cells, promoting or not faster and more efficient cell migration to the damaged organ, and how to use this relationship to better design amniotic cell therapies.…”

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“…In this study, the delivery route for ASCs administration was the renal subcapsular region, in order to provide adequate number of MSC near the site of injury, aiming to facilitate their homing. Although the number of stem cells in the kidney necessary to play a role in the renoprotective effects has not yet been defined, the approach of inoculating ASCs underneath the kidney capsule likely avoids systemic dispersion of stem cells to other organs, mainly to the lungs and to the liver, as described with intravenous or intraperitoneal administration [21][22][23]. ALLO rats receiving ASCs had a higher survival rate than ALLO animals.…”