Porcine rotavirus-like virus (group B rotavirus): characterization and pathogenicity for gnotobiotic pigs

Abstract

A rotavirus-like virus (RVLV) was isolated from a diarrheic pig from an Ohio swine herd. This virus infected villous enterocytes throughout the small intestine of gnotobiotic pigs and induced an acute, transitory diarrhea. Complete virions were rarely observed in the intestinal contents of infected animals; the predominant particle detected by immune electron microscopy was a corelike particle 52 nm in diameter. The genome of the porcine RVLV was composed of Il discrete segments of double-stranded RNA that produced an electropherotype distinct from the genome electropherotypes of reovirus, rotavirus, and porcine pararotavirus. Porcine RVLV was antigenically unrelated to rotavirus, porcine pararotavirus, or reovirus but was antigenically related to a bovine RVLV. Rotaviral infections are an important cause of diarrhea in young animals and children (7). Early serological studies indicated that rotaviruses recovered from different species shared a common group antigen (19, 22). However, we recently isolated a virus from a diarrheic pig that was morphologically indistinguishable from rotaviruses but lacked the common group antigen (14) and proposed that this virus tentatively be referred to as porcine pararotavirus (2).

In vitro detection of porcine rotavirus-like virus (group B rotavirus) and its antibody

“…2). Positive immunofluorescent reactions were also detected with syncytia stained by the indirect method with hyperimmune anti-bovine RVLV serum (17), but were less intense than that obtained with the homologous hyperimmune anti-PRVLV serum. This agreed with our previous findings (17) suitable alternative to infected small intestine tissue as an antigen source for comparative studies.…”

“…After centrifugation, the inoculum was removed and the monolayers were incubated for 16 to 20 h with serum-free EMEM at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cover slip monolayers were fixed with acetone, and PRVLV-infected cells were detected by an indirect immunofluorescent stain, using hyperimmune gnotobiotic pig serum (17); this hyperimmune serum did not react with porcine rotavirus, porcine pararotavirus, or reovirus type 3 antigens in indirect immunofluorescent stains. Additional cover slip monolayers fixed with absolute methanol were stained by the May-Grunwald Giemsa method (10).…”

Intestinal Lesions Associated with Disseminated Candidiasis in an Experimental Animal Model

“…Gnotobiotic (GB) infant piglets were chosen for this work, because these animals are susceptible to a variety of human enteric pathogens and suffer disease that closely resembles human disease. For example, rotaviruses (33), diarrheogenic Escherichia coli (12,34,35,36), Shigella sp. (S. Tzipori, unpublished observations), Cryptosporidium parvum (37), and, recently, Enterocytozoon bieneusi (23) produce disease in the GB piglet with pathology that closely mimics what is seen in infected humans.…”

Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to the 41-kilodalton protein of porcine group C rotavirus with homologous and heterologous rotavirus serogroups in immunofluorescence tests

“…Three non-cell-culture-adapted field strains of porcine gp C rotavirus, each having a distinct double-stranded RNA electropherotype and designated NB, SB, and FS, respectively, were obtained from 4to 27-day-old pigs with diarrhea (16). Other rotavirus serogroups used in this study included the porcine (OSU and Gottfried) and bovine (NCDV) gp A rotaviruses and the porcine (Ohio) and bovine (ATI) gp B rotaviruses (26,29,35). Each rotavirus strain (except the three field strains) was inoculated onto MA104 cell monolayers for use in IF tests as described previously (2,28,29,33,34).…”