Porcine rotavirus B as primary causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets

Miyabe, Flavia Megumi; Agnol, Alais Maria Dall; Leme, Raquel Arruda; Oliveira, Thalita Evani Silva de; Headley, Selwyn Arlington; Fernandes, Thiago; Oliveira, Admilton Gonçalves de; Alfieri, Alice Fernandes

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78797-y

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…PEDV strains have been characterized by rapid proliferation in and destruction of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) among suckling piglets ( 28 ) but milder in adult pigs ( 29 , 30 ). A variety of viruses was considered a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis and diarrhea ( 31 , 32 ), determined by the process of intestinal development in young animals. There were vacuolated small intestinal epithelial cells in most 2-week-old pigs but hardly detected after 3-4 weeks from the newborn ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C/EBPα Epigenetically Modulates TFF1 Expression via mC-6 Methylation in the Jejunum Inflammation Induced by a Porcine Coronavirus

Zong

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an emerging coronavirus which causes acute diarrhea and destroys gastrointestinal barrier function in neonatal pigs. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a protective peptide for maintaining the integrity of gastrointestinal mucosa and reducing intestinal inflammation. However, its role in protecting intestinal epithelium against PEDV infection is still unclear. In this study, we discovered that TFF1 expression was activated in the jejunum of pigs with PEDV infection and TFF1 is required for the growth of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. For instance, inhibited cell proliferation and cell arrest were observed when TFF1 is genetically knocked-out using CRISPR-Cas9. Additionally, TFF1 depletion increased viral copy number and PEDV titer, along with the elevated genes involved in antiviral and inflammatory cytokines. The decreased TFF1 mRNA expression is in line with hypermethylation on the gene promoter. Notably, the strong interactions of protein-DNA complexes containing CCAAT motif significantly increased C/EBPα accessibility, whereas hypermethylation of mC-6 loci decreased C/EBPα binding occupancies in TFF1 promoter. Overall, our findings show that PEDV triggers the C/EBPα-mediated epigenetic regulation of TFF1 in intestine epithelium and facilitates host resistance to PEDV and other Coronavirus infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C/EBPα Epigenetically Modulates TFF1 Expression via mC-6 Methylation in the Jejunum Inflammation Induced by a Porcine Coronavirus

Zong

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…RVB is genetically and antigenically distinct from RVA. In addition to horses, other established host species for RVB include humans, rats, swine, cattle, lambs, adult sheep, kids, and adult goats [ 16 , 27 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Among RBV of different species, human, porcine, and rat RVB lineages are more related to each other in their respective genome sequences, while RVB lineages from bovines, ovines, and caprines form a distinctive group [ 27 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RVB detection rate in clinical diarrhea samples appears to increase with age in pigs [ 64 , 65 ]. Overall, there has been an upward trend in the frequency of RVB-associated diarrhea outbreaks in farm animals, especially piglets [ 59 , 66 ]. Along the same lines, two recent studies demonstrated that 49 and 71% of diarrheic piglets tested positive for RVB, respectively [ 59 , 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, there has been an upward trend in the frequency of RVB-associated diarrhea outbreaks in farm animals, especially piglets [ 59 , 66 ]. Along the same lines, two recent studies demonstrated that 49 and 71% of diarrheic piglets tested positive for RVB, respectively [ 59 , 65 ]. Despite lacking a recent update in small ruminants, RVB was proposed as one of the commonest causes of rotavirus diarrhea in neonatal lambs in England and Wales in the 1980s [ 61 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals

Uprety

Sreenivasan

Hause

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Equine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect evidence of diarrhea-causing pathogens including ERVA. Based on Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, we identified a novel equine rotavirus group B (ERVB) in fecal specimens from the affected foals in the absence of any other known enteric pathogens. Interestingly, the protein sequence of all 11 segments had greater than 96% identity with group B rotaviruses previously found in ruminants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of the ERVB with group B rotaviruses of caprine and bovine strains from the USA. Subsequent analysis of 33 foal diarrheic samples by RT-qPCR identified 23 rotavirus B-positive cases (69.69%). These observations suggest that the ERVB originated from ruminants and was associated with outbreaks of neonatal foal diarrhea in the 2021 foaling season in Kentucky. Emergence of the ruminant-like group B rotavirus in foals clearly warrants further investigation due to the significant impact of the disease in neonatal foals and its economic impact on the equine industry.

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“…In contrast, porcine RVB, RVC, and RVH have only sporadically been associated with diarrhea outbreaks in suckling piglets and are often found together with RVA [19][20][21]. Nonetheless, porcine RVB has recently been described as a primary causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in newborn pigs in Brazil [22]. Albeit the role of rotaviruses in neonatal diarrhea is well accepted, less is known about their role after weaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome

Folgueiras-González

Braak

Deijs

et al. 2021

Viruses

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A commercial pig farm with no history of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) repeatedly reported a significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in approximately 20–30% of the pigs in the period between three and six weeks after weaning. As standard clinical interventions failed to tackle symptomatology, viral metagenomics were used to describe and monitor the enteric virome at birth, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 9 weeks of age. The latter four sampling points were 7 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post weaning, respectively. Fourteen distinct enteric viruses were identified within the herd, which all have previously been linked to enteric diseases. Here we show that wasting is associated with alterations in the enteric virome of the pigs, characterized by: (1) the presence of enterovirus G at 3 weeks of age, followed by a higher prevalence of the virus in wasting pigs at 6 weeks after weaning; (2) rotaviruses at 3 weeks of age; and (3) porcine sapovirus one week after weaning. However, the data do not provide a causal link between specific viral infections and the postweaning clinical problems on the farm. Together, our results offer evidence that disturbances in the enteric virome at the preweaning stage and early after weaning have a determining role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and nutrient uptake in the postweaning growth phase. Moreover, we show that the enteric viral load sharply increases in the week after weaning in both healthy and wasting pigs. This study is also the first to report the dynamics and co-infection of porcine rotavirus species and porcine astrovirus genetic lineages during the first 9 weeks of the life of domestic pigs.

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Porcine rotavirus B as primary causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

C/EBPα Epigenetically Modulates TFF1 Expression via mC-6 Methylation in the Jejunum Inflammation Induced by a Porcine Coronavirus

C/EBPα Epigenetically Modulates TFF1 Expression via mC-6 Methylation in the Jejunum Inflammation Induced by a Porcine Coronavirus

Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals

Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome

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