Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Thailand, 2010–2011

Nilubol, Dachrit; Tripipat, Thitima; Hoonsuwan, Tawatchai; Kortheerakul, Khampee

doi:10.3201/eid1811.111105

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This suggests that rodents are important wildlife hosts for a variety of ArteVs species with different evolutionary stages and that rodents may act as the main wildlife reservoirs of ArteVs. Infection by the ArteV PRRSV causes severe disease in swine and global economic losses to the swine industry [48,49]. All previously reported PRRSV strains are only detected in swine and can be phylogenetically classified into genotype 1 (or European type, prototype: Lelystad virus) and genotype 2 (or North American type, prototype: VR-2332) without any intermediate genotype [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases

et al. 2018

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BackgroundRodents represent around 43% of all mammalian species, are widely distributed, and are the natural reservoirs of a diverse group of zoonotic viruses, including hantaviruses, Lassa viruses, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Thus, analyzing the viral diversity harbored by rodents could assist efforts to predict and reduce the risk of future emergence of zoonotic viral diseases.ResultsWe used next-generation sequencing metagenomic analysis to survey for a range of mammalian viral families in rodents and other small animals of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Soricomorpha in China. We sampled 3,055 small animals from 20 provinces and then outlined the spectra of mammalian viruses within these individuals and the basic ecological and genetic characteristics of novel rodent and shrew viruses among the viral spectra. Further analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a primary role and geographical location plays a secondary role in determining viral diversity. Many viruses were reported for the first time with distinct evolutionary lineages, and viruses related to known human or animal pathogens were identified. Phylogram comparison between viruses and hosts indicated that host shifts commonly happened in many different species during viral evolutionary history.ConclusionsThese results expand our understanding of the viromes of rodents and insectivores in China and suggest that there is high diversity of viruses awaiting discovery in these species in Asia. These findings, combined with our previous bat virome data, greatly increase our knowledge of the viral community in wildlife in a densely populated country in an emerging disease hotspot.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0554-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases

et al. 2018

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“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is widespread in the majority of pig-producing nations and causes substantial economic losses for the worldwide swine industry 1 . PRRSV infection typically causes a condition manifested by reproductive failure in sows and respiratory infections in growing pigs 2 . PRRSV is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that is a member of the Arteriviridae family (order Nidovirales), which also includes the horse arteritis virus, mouse lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan inhibits viral infection against PRRSV via CD163ΔSRCR5 MARC-145 cells: an in silico and in vitro studies

Arjin

Tateing

Potapohn

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This research aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Caesalpinia sappan extract that function as novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection inhibitors by computational molecular screening. We obtained a set of small-molecule compounds predicted to target the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 (SRCR5) of CD163. In addition, the functions of positive hits were assessed and verified utilizing an in vitro antiviral activity assay with PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. Combining molecular docking with the results of binding affinity and ligand conformation, it was found that brazilin had the highest binding energy with the SRCR5 receptor compared to catechin and epicatechin (− 5.8, − 5.5, and − 5.1 kcal/mol, respectively). In terms of molecular mechanics, the binding free energy between the SRCR5 receptor was − 15.71 kcal/mol based on the Poisson-Boltzmann surface area of brazilin. In addition, PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells was significantly inhibited by brazilin compared to the control (virus titer, 4.10 vs. 9.25 TCID50/mL, respectively). Moreover, brazilin successfully limited the number of PRRSV RNA copies in MARC-145 cells as determined by RT-qPCR. By inhibiting the PRRSV-CD163 interaction with brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan, it may be possible to prevent PRRSV infection in pigs, as suggested by this research.

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“…This enveloped, positive-sense, singlestranded RNA virus belongs to the Arteriviridae family (order Nidovirales), which also includes the equine arteritis virus, mouse lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus [2]. In general, PRRSV infection causes a disease that is characterized by reproductive failure in sows and respiratory infections in growing pigs [3], and this disease predisposes pigs to infection by bacteria and other viral pathogens [4,5]. This disease is known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and has become endemic in many countries throughout the world following an epidemic phase [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro screening antiviral activity of Thai medicinal plants against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

et al. 2020

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Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) results in economic losses in the swine industry globally. Several studies have investigated the use of plant extracts in the prevention and control of PRRS outbreaks. Thai medicinal plants may be useful for treating PRRSV infection in pigs. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro anti-PRRSV and antioxidant properties of seven Thai medicinal plants: Caesalpinia sappan Linn., Garcinia mangostana Linn., Houttuynia cordata, Perilla frutescens, Clinacanthus nutans, Phyllanthus emblica, and Tiliacora triandra. Results: Using antiviral screening, we observed that T. triandra extract strongly inhibited PRRSV infectivity in MARC-145 cells [virus titer 3.5 median tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50)/ml (log10)] at 24 h post-infection, whereas C. sappan extract strongly inhibited PRRSV replication [virus titer 2.5 TCID 50 /ml (log10)] at 72 h post-infection. C. sappan extract had the highest total phenolic content [220.52 mM gallic acid equivalent/g] and lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration [1.17 mg/ml in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.58 mg/ml in 2,2-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt]. Conclusion: T. triandra extract could inhibit PRRSV infectivity, whereas C. sappan extract was the most effective in inhibiting PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells. This study elucidates the antiviral activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts in vivo. The results promise that Thai medicinal plant extracts, particularly T. triandra and C. sappan extracts, can be developed into pharmaceutical drugs for the prevention of PRRS in pigs.

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Thailand, 2010–2011

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases

Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases

Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan inhibits viral infection against PRRSV via CD163ΔSRCR5 MARC-145 cells: an in silico and in vitro studies

In vitro screening antiviral activity of Thai medicinal plants against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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