Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in different matrices under typical storage conditions in the UK

Abstract

In the UK, approximately 40 per cent of the pig breeding herds are outdoors. To monitor their porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status, blood is collected commonly from piglets around weaning. Sample collection in British outdoor pigs often occurs during the early morning hours when the piglets tend to accumulate inside sheltered areas. For practical reasons, dry cotton swabs are occasionally used for blood collection and stored at room temperature until arrival in the laboratory. Detection of PRRSV RNA is a function of viral concentration, sample type and storage condition. To evaluate a possible impact of the sampling protocol on PRRSV1 detection, experimentally spiked blood samples using three dilutions of a representative PRRSV1 strain were prepared. In addition, blood samples from pigs naturally infected with PRRSV were obtained from a PRRSV-positive British herd. Spiked blood and blood from infected pigs were used to obtain sera, dry or wet (immersed in saline) polyester or cotton swabs and FTA cards. The different samples were stored for 24 hours, 48 hours or 7 days at 4°C or 20°C and tested by a real-time reverse transcriptase PRRSV PCR assay. Under the study conditions, the best matrix was serum (96.7 per cent), followed by wet swabs (78 per cent), dry swabs (61.3 per cent) and FTA cards (51 per cent). Polyester swabs (76 per cent) showed a better performance than cotton swabs (63.3 per cent). The reduction in sensitivity obtained for swabs and FTA cards was particularly high at low viral concentrations. The results indicate that wet polyester swabs should be used whenever possible.

Evaluation of Whatman FTA cards for the preservation of yellow fever virus RNA for use in molecular diagnostics

“…Whatman FTA cards have been employed as a solution for other RNA viruses as they rapidly inactivate virus and stabilize genetic material [ 11 , 24 , 30 – 32 ]. Protocols utilizing a wide variety of sample types have been optimized using FTA cards including blood, serum, tick and mosquito homogenates, dead bird impressions, throat swabs, oral fluid and epithelial suspensions [ 13 , 18 , 22 – 24 , 30 – 36 ]. In fact, the WHO and CDC approved the use of FTA cards for measles and poliovirus diagnostic protocols, indicating that the cards are effective in a clinical setting [ 23 ].…”

Rapid Detection and Typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars Directly From Clinical Samples: Combining FTA® Card Technology With Multiplex PCR

“…We have confirmed that FTA ® cards effectively inactivate A. pleuropneumoniae from purified bacterial cultures as well as clinical lung samples. Although not examined in our current study, the detergent coating of FTA ® cards has previously been shown to lyse viruses including PRRSV, swine influenza, and African swine fever ( 17 – 21 ), therefore abrogating the potential risk when transporting clinical samples derived from pigs that may have viral co-infection, common in cases of the porcine respiratory disease complex ( 34 ), especially in countries suffering from high rates of endemic disease.…”

“…FTA R cards are commonly used to send clinical samples for molecular diagnostic purposes, as the inactivated pathogens are safe for transportation via standard postal routes, and the entrapped nucleic acids are stable over a range of temperatures for long-term storage while remaining available for genetic analysis (16). For example, FTA R cards have been used to transport samples of oral fluid, whole blood, sera, and nasal secretions containing the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), as well as whole blood for swine influenza and African swine fever (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Additionally, FTA R cards have been implemented in the diagnosis of numerous veterinary bacterial pathogens (21)(22)(23)(24)(25), including members of the Pasteurellaceae (16,26), but not (to our knowledge) A. pleuropneumoniae.…”

Tinjauan Literatur: SUMBER POTENSIAL PENYEBARAN SARS-CoV-2 DARI LINGKUNGAN RUMAH SAKIT DAN PENTINGNYA PEMANTAUAN SANITASI RUMAH SAKIT UNTUK MENEKAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

“…SARS-CoV-2 dapat bertahan selama 72 jam pada poliester dan kapas pada kapas ujung stik swab pada suhu 20 °C. 54 Studi menemukan bahwa kain sarung dari bahan kapas dan poliester menunjukkan daya tembus tinggi (82%-95%) terhadap aerosol NaCl. Daya tembus ini bergantung pada ukuran partikel dan kepadatan tenun bahan.…”