Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic

Butler, John E.; Lager, Kelly M.; Golde, William T.; Faaberg, Kay S.; Šinkora, Marek; Loving, Crystal L.; Zhang, Y. I.

doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8549-5

Cited by 111 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 240 publications

(358 reference statements)

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“…PRRSV modulation of intracellular antiviral defense mechanisms has been reviewed extensively [79]. The effects of PRRSV infection on adaptive immune response, i.e., antigen-specific T cell, B cell, and antibody responses, are less well characterized.…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Rahe

Murtaugh

2017

Viruses

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The adaptive immune response is necessary for the development of protective immunity against infectious diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a genetically heterogeneous and rapidly evolving RNA virus, is the most burdensome pathogen of swine health and wellbeing worldwide. Viral infection induces antigen-specific immunity that ultimately clears the infection. However, the resulting immune memory, induced by virulent or attenuated vaccine viruses, is inconsistently protective against diverse viral strains. The immunological mechanisms by which primary and memory protection are generated and used are not well understood. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding cellular and humoral components of the adaptive immune response to PRRSV infection that mediate primary and memory immune protection against viruses.

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Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Rahe

Murtaugh

2017

Viruses

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“…PRRSV infection suppresses the host immune response . For example, PRRSV inhibits synthesis of type I interferon (IFN) in pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of the Secretome of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Liu

et al. 2017

Proteomics

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is characterized by reproductive failure and respiratory disorders. The secretome of PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), which are the primary target cells of PRRSV, was analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics to gain a profile of proteins secreted during PRRSV infection. A total of 95 secreted proteins with differentially expressed levels between PRRSV- and mock-infected PAMs was screened. Among these, the expression levels of 49 and 46 proteins were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in PRRSV-infected cell supernatants, as compared with mock-infected cell supernatants. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in several signaling pathways related to the immune and inflammatory responses, such as the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and involved in a great diversity of biological processes, such as protein binding and localization, as well as immune effector processes. In addition, PRRSV-infected cell supernatants induced significant expression of inflammatory cytokines in vascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the secreted proteins play potential roles in the host immune and inflammatory responses as well as PRRSV replication, thereby providing new insights into cell-to-cell communication during PRRSV infection.

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“…In the system of intensive swine production, syndromic diseases including respiratory, enteric, vesicular, and reproductive diseases are often causing different levels of morbidity and mortality, leading to significant economic losses (Butler et al, 2014;Garner et al, 2002;Jung and Saif, 2015;Kleiboeker, 2002;Ma et al, 2015). Within a given syndromic disease, clinical signs caused by different pathogens can be very similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplex real-time PCR panel assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of 12 common swine viruses

Shi

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Virological Methods

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Mixed infection with different pathogens is common in swine production systems especially under intensive production conditions. Quick and accurate detection and differentiation of different pathogens are necessary for epidemiological surveillance, disease management and import and export controls. In this study, we developed and validated a panel of multiplex real-time PCR/RT-PCR assays composed of four subpanels, each detects three common swine pathogens. The panel detects 12 viruses or viral serotypes, namely, VSV-IN, VSV-NJ, SVDV, CSFV, ASFV, FMDV, PCV2, PPV, PRV, PRRSV-NA, PRRSV-EU and SIV. Correlation coefficients (R(2)) and PCR amplification efficiencies of all singular and triplex real-time PCR reactions are within the acceptable range. Comparison between singular and triplex real-time PCR assays of each subpanel indicates that there is no significant interference on assay sensitivities caused by multiplexing. Specificity tests on 226 target clinical samples or 4 viral strains and 91 non-target clinical samples revealed that the real-time PCR panel is 100% specific, and there is no cross amplification observed. The limit of detection of each triplex real-time PCR is less than 10 copies per reaction for DNA, and less than 16 copies per reaction for RNA viruses. The newly developed multiplex real-time PCR panel also detected different combinations of co-infections as confirmed by other means of detections.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic

Cited by 111 publications

References 240 publications

Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Proteomic Analysis of the Secretome of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

A multiplex real-time PCR panel assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of 12 common swine viruses

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