Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) introduction into a naive Dutch pig population in 2014

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the highly contagious, causative agent of an economically important acute enteric disease in pigs of all ages. The disease is characterized by diarrhea and dehydration causing mortality and growth retardation. In the last few decades, only classical PEDV was reported sporadically in Europe, but in 2014 outbreaks of PEDV were described in Germany. Phylogenetic analysis showed a very high nucleotide similarity with a variant of PEDV that was isolated in the US in January 2014. The epidemiological situation of PEDV infections in the Netherlands in 2014 was unknown and a seroprevalence study in swine was performed. In total, 838 blood samples from sows from 267 farms and 101 samples from wild boars were collected from May till November 2014 and tested for antibodies against PEDV by ELISA. The apparent herd prevalence of 0.75% suggests that PEDV was not circulating on a large scale in the Netherlands at this time. However, in November 2014 a clinical outbreak of PEDV was diagnosed in a fattener farm by PCR testing. This was the first confirmed PEDV outbreak since the early nineties. Sequence analyses showed that the viruses isolated in 2014 and 2015 in the Netherlands cluster with recently found European G1b strains. This suggests a one event introduction of PEDV G1b strains in Europe in 2014, which made the Netherlands and other European countries endemic for this type of strains since then.

Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019

“…However, some breeding herds reported high mortality rates with up to 85% losses in suckling piglets [1]. Similar outbreaks were observed in several other Central European countries including France, The Netherlands, Italy, Slovenia, Belgium, Romania, Portugal, Spain, and Austria [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

A retrospective study of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) since 1993 and the recent introduction of a recombinant PEDV‐SeCoV in Spain

“…Infection resulted in high mortality in piglets (up to 90%-95%) and caused huge economic losses to the pig industry (Bevins et al, 2018). After PEDV emergence in the USA, outbreaks have been reported in several European countries such as Germany (Stadler et al, 2015), Ukraine (Dastjerdi, Carr, Ellis, Steinbach, & Williamson, 2015), the Netherlands (Dortmans et al, 2018), France (Grasland et al, 2015),…”

Serological Screening for Coronavirus Infections in Cats

“…Recombinant CoV spike S1 subunits of different animal and human CoVs were expressed in a mammalian expression system and used for screening of cat sera for the presence of antibodies against the respective proteins. Positive samples were also tested by virus neutralization assays to support the specificity of the reaction [32,33,34]. This investigation intends to extend our knowledge of CoV epidemiology, potential reservoirs, and cross-species transmission.…”