Porcine circovirus 3 is highly prevalent in serum and tissues and may persistently infect wild boar (
            <i>Sus scrofa scrofa</i>
            )

Klaumann, Francini; Dias-Alves, Andrea; Cabezón, Óscar; Mentaberre, Gregorio; Castillo‐Contreras, Raquel; López‐Béjar, Manel; Casas-Díaz, Encarna; Sibila, Marina; Correa‐Fiz, Florencia; Segalés, Joaquím

doi:10.1111/tbed.12988

Cited by 63 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The increasing populations and geographical spread of the wild boars into farmlands may also cause direct and indirect contacts with and possible transmission of viruses to livestock (Jansson et al., ). Even if HEV infections in domestic pigs have low impact on herd health, the contact suggested by infections with similar HEV strains may be relevant for other pathogens with impact on farming health, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus, Aujeszky's diseases virus, African and classical swine fever viruses, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Toxoplasma gondii , which are carried by wild boars (Boadella et al., ; Klaumann et al., ; Ruiz‐Fons, Segales, & Gortazar, ; Malmsten, Magnusson, Ruiz‐Fons, Gonzalez‐Barrio, & Dalin, ). The risks for spreading diseases from wild boars can thus increase, which could lead to losses in the livestock industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically similar hepatitis E virus strains infect both humans and wild boars in the Barcelona area, Spain, and Sweden

Wang

Castillo‐Contreras

Saguti

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a hepatotropic virus, endemic in Europe where it infects humans and animals, with domestic pigs and wild boars as main reservoirs. The number of HEV‐infected cases with unknown source of infection increases in Europe. There are human HEV strains genetically similar to viruses from domestic pigs, and zoonotic transmission via consumption of uncooked pork meat has been shown. Due to continuous growth of the wild boar populations in Europe, another route may be through direct or indirect contacts with wild boars. In the Collserola Natural Park near Barcelona, Spain, the wild boars have spread into Barcelona city. In Sweden, they are entering into farmlands and villages. To investigate the prevalence of HEV and the risk for zoonotic transmissions, the presence of antibodies against HEV and HEV RNA were analysed in serum and faecal samples from 398 wild boars, 264 from Spain and 134 from Sweden and in sera from 48 Swedish patients with HEV infection without known source of infection. Anti‐HEV was more commonly found in Spanish wild boars (59% vs. 8%; p < 0.0001) while HEV RNA had similar prevalence (20% in Spanish vs. 15% in Swedish wild boars). Seven Swedish and three Spanish wild boars were infected with subtype 3f, and nine Spanish with subtype 3c/i. There were three clades in the phylogenetic tree formed by strains from wild boars and domestic pigs; another four clades were formed by strains from humans and wild boars. One strain from a Spanish wild boar was similar to strains from chronically infected humans. The high prevalence of HEV infections among wild boars and the similarity between wild boar HEV strains and those from humans and domestic pigs indicate that zoonotic transmission from wild boar may be more common than previously anticipated, which may develop into public health concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically similar hepatitis E virus strains infect both humans and wild boars in the Barcelona area, Spain, and Sweden

Wang

Castillo‐Contreras

Saguti

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Amplification was performed using the following thermal conditions: 5 min at 94°C, followed by 40 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 60°C and 1 min at 72°C and a final elongation of 7 min at 72°C. A full‐length PCV‐3 genome in a commercial plasmid (Klaumann, Dias‐Alves, et al, ) was used as positive control and sterile water as negative control. The PCR products (418 bp) were checked by electrophoresis on 1.5% TAE agarose gel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar frequency of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV‐3) detection in serum samples of pigs affected by digestive or respiratory disorders and age‐matched clinically healthy pigs

Saporiti

Cruz

Correa‐Fiz

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV‐3) has been identified in pigs affected by different disease conditions, although its pathogenicity remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of PCV‐3 infection in serum samples from animals suffering from post‐weaning respiratory or digestive disorders as well as in healthy animals. A total of 315 swine serum samples were analysed for PCV‐3 DNA detection by conventional PCR; positive samples were further assayed with a quantitative PCR and partially sequenced. Sera were obtained from 4 week‐ to 4 month‐old pigs clinically diagnosed with respiratory (n = 129) or digestive (n = 126) disorders. Serum samples of age‐matched healthy animals (n = 60) served as negative control. Pigs with clinical respiratory signs had a wide variety of pulmonary lesions including suppurative bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, fibrinous‐necrotizing pneumonia and/or pleuritis. Animals with enteric signs displayed histopathological findings like villus atrophy and fusion, catarrhal enteritis and/or catarrhal colitis. Overall, PCV‐3 DNA was detected in 19 out of 315 analysed samples (6.0%). Among the diseased animals, PCV‐3 was found in 6.2% (8 out of 129) and 5.6% (7 out of 126) of pigs with respiratory and digestive disorders, respectively. The frequency of PCV‐3 PCR positive samples among healthy pigs was 6.7% (4 out of 60). No apparent association was observed between PCR positive cases and any type of histopathological lesion. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial genome sequences obtained showed high identity among viruses from the three groups of animals studied. In conclusion, PCV‐3 was present in the serum of diseased and healthy pigs to similar percentages, suggesting that this virus does not seem to be causally associated with respiratory or enteric disorders.

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“…PCV2 VLPs as coating antigens can detect serum neutralizing antibodies (SNAbs) in ELISA (Nainys et al 2014;Zhang et al 2016). Some reports show that PCV3 infection in pigs do not present any significant clinical signs or symptoms and wild boars may also have susceptibility (Franzo et al 2018b;Klaumann et al 2019;Zheng et al 2017), thus it is particularly important to establish an effective antibody detection method to assess the PCV3 infection in pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembly into virus–like particles of the recombinant capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 3 and its application on antibodies detection

Wang

Duan

et al. 2020

AMB Expr

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PCV3 capsid protein (Cap) is an important antigen for diagnosis and vaccine development. To achieve high-level expression of recombinant PCV3 Cap in Escherichia coli (E. coli), the gene of wild-type entire Cap (wt-eCap) was amplified from clinical samples, and three optimized entire Cap (opti-eCap) and one optimized Cap deleted nuclear location signal (NLS) (opti-dCap) gene fragments encoding the same amino acid sequence with wt-eCap were synthesized based on the codon bias of E. coli. Those gene fragments were inserted into the pET30a expression vector. One recombinant strain with the highest expressed soluble eCap from four entire Cap (one wt-eCap and three opti-eCap) and one recombinant strain expressed opti-dCap were selected for further purification. The purified eCap and dCap were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a large number of round hollow particles with a diameter of 10 nm virus-like particles (VLPs) were observed in eCap, whereas irregular aggregation of proteins observed in dCap. After formation the VLPs were applied as a coating antigen to establish an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) for detection of PCV3-specific antibody in swine serum. 373 clinical swine serum samples from China collected in 2019 were tested utilizing the VLP-based I-ELISA method under optimized conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of self-assembly into VLPs of PCV3 recombinant Cap. Our results demonstrated that the VLP-based I-ELISA will be a valuable tool for detecting the presence of PCV3 antibodies in serum samples and will facilitate screening of large numbers of swine serum for clinical purposes.

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Porcine circovirus 3 is highly prevalent in serum and tissues and may persistently infect wild boar ( Sus scrofa scrofa )

Cited by 63 publications

References 41 publications

Genetically similar hepatitis E virus strains infect both humans and wild boars in the Barcelona area, Spain, and Sweden

Genetically similar hepatitis E virus strains infect both humans and wild boars in the Barcelona area, Spain, and Sweden

Similar frequency of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV‐3) detection in serum samples of pigs affected by digestive or respiratory disorders and age‐matched clinically healthy pigs

Self-assembly into virus–like particles of the recombinant capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 3 and its application on antibodies detection

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