Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in Central Nervous System of Swine with Polioencephalomyelitis

Arruda, Bailey; Arruda, Paulo; Hensch, Melissa; Chen, Qi; Yang, Chang Yeol; Gatto, Igor Renan Honorato; Ferreyra, Franco Matías; Gauger, Phil C.; Schwartz, Kent; Bradner, Laura; Harmon, Karen M.; Hause, Ben M.; Li, Ganwu

doi:10.3201/eid2312.170703

Cited by 65 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A one hundred procent prevalence of astrovirus was found in diarrheic and non-diarrheic pigs from Austria and Spain. Porcine astroviruses have recently also been linked to outbreaks of neurological disorders in weaned piglets from Hungary, and in 5-week-old pigs and sows in the United States 30,31 . The gut might be a hypothetical entry port for such neurological astrovirus infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus

Theuns

Vanmechelen

Bernaert

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Enteric diseases in swine are often caused by different pathogens and thus metagenomics are a useful tool for diagnostics. The capacities of nanopore sequencing for viral diagnostics were investigated here. First, cell culture-grown porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and rotavirus A were pooled and sequenced on a MinION. Reads were already detected at 7 seconds after start of sequencing, resulting in high sequencing depths (19.2 to 103.5X) after 3 h. Next, diarrheic feces of a one-week-old piglet was analyzed. Almost all reads (99%) belonged to bacteriophages, which may have reshaped the piglet’s microbiome. Contigs matched Bacteroides, Escherichia and Enterococcus phages. Moreover, porcine kobuvirus was discovered in the feces for the first time in Belgium. Suckling piglets shed kobuvirus from one week of age, but an association between peak of viral shedding (106.42–107.01 copies/swab) and diarrheic signs was not observed during a follow-up study. Retrospective analysis showed the widespread (n = 25, 56.8% positive) of genetically moderately related kobuviruses among Belgian diarrheic piglets. MinION enables rapid detection of enteric viruses. Such new methodologies will change diagnostics, but more extensive validations should be conducted. The true enteric pathogenicity of porcine kobuvirus should be questioned, while its subclinical importance cannot be excluded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus

Theuns

Vanmechelen

Bernaert

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…PAstV is usually detected in feces, suggesting that it is colonized in the intestines [18][19][20]. However, recently studies found that PAstV infection causes viremia [21] and viral encephalitis [22,23]. Compared with the Mamastrovirus, the Avastrovirus species has stronger pathogenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duck astroviruses have been shown to be associated with duck viral hepatitis (DVH) [25]. Many studies have reported that some AstV strains, such as the human astrovirus MLB and VA strains, bovine astrovirus NeuroS1 strain, PAstV type 3, and mink astrovirus SMS strain, can damage the central nervous system (CNS) and cause encephalitis and meningitis [22,[26][27][28][29], suggesting the potential for the extraintestinal and neuropathology infection processes of astroviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Characteristics of a Porcine Astrovirus Strain Isolated in China

Fang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Astroviral infection is considered to be one of the causes of mammalian diarrheal diseases. It has been shown that astrovirus infections cause varying degrees of diarrhea in turkeys and mice. However, the pathogenesis of porcine astrovirus is unknown. In this study, the virulence of a cytopathic porcine astrovirus (PAstV) strain (PAstV1-GX1) isolated from the PK-15 cell line was tested using seven-day-old nursing piglets. The results showed that PAstV1-GX1 infection could cause mild diarrhea, growth retardation, and damage of the villi of the small intestinal mucosa. However, all the above symptoms could be restored within 7 to 10days post inoculation (dpi). To evaluate the innate immunity response of PAstV in vivo, the alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression in piglets infected with PAstV1-GX1 was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA expression levels of the IFNβ and ISG54 were found to be significantly elevated in virus-infected piglets. In contrast, expression of IFNλ was downregulated in piglets infected with PAstV1-GX1. In addition, the mRNA expression of the tight junction protein 1 and 2 and zonula occludin 1, which are associated with the intestinal barrier permeability, were affected after PAstV1 infection. The present study adds to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PAstV and has established an animal model for further study of pig astrovirus infection.

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“…To date, MAstV5 was reported only in samples derived from the gastrointestinal tract of dogs [24,25,34,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], and the recovery of MAstV5 in the crab-eating fox's CNS is an interesting and unexpected finding. However, the detection of other AstV species in the central nervous system (CNS) of mink [35], cattle [36,37], human [38], pigs [39] and sheep [40] has been the focus of differential diagnosis of nonsuppurative encephalitis.…”

Section: Detection Of Common Canine Enteric Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Alves

Budaszewski

Cibulski

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Astroviruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and can also cause infection in a range of domestic and wild animal species. Canine astrovirus (formally named as Mamastrovirus 5, MAstV5) has been reported worldwide, and its role as an enteric pathogen is still controversial. Herein, we describe the genomic characterization of a MAstV5 (strain crab-eating fox/2016/BRA) identified in a wild canid (Cerdocyon thous) diagnosed with canine distemper virus (CDV) as causa mortis. The nearly complete genome comprised 6579 nt in length and displayed the archetypal organization of astroviruses. The present report is the first evidence of MAstV5 infection in an animal species other than the dog and highlights a possible natural astrovirus spillover between domestic and wild canids. Moreover, these results show the first evidence of extra-intestinal MAstV5, suggesting a virus systemic spread. This work is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the astroviruses biology and their interactions with the wildlife health.

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Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in Central Nervous System of Swine with Polioencephalomyelitis

Cited by 65 publications

References 10 publications

Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus

Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus

Pathogenic Characteristics of a Porcine Astrovirus Strain Isolated in China

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

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