Porcelain ears in relapsing polychondritis

Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis)

“…Studies to address the identification of auricular calcifications/ossifications amid CT scans according to our methods [7,15]. Overall, the data coming from our sample-based analysis via isolated case reports (N = 49 subjects) showed that X-ray and/or CT confirmation was done in all cases (no differences were noted in imagery approaching the patients with an endocrine [1,6,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] versus non-endocrine [2,4,7,9,12,36,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]…”

“…Table 2. Sample-focused analysis on petrified ear in subjects apparently without any endocrine conditions (according to the original reports); the display starts with the most recent publication date [2,4,7,9,12,36,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Abbreviations: B/U = bilateral or unilateral PE; C1, C2 = case 1 or 2 (patients from case series); CT = computed tomography; F = female; M = male; PE = petrified ear; P1, P2, or P3 = patient 1, 2, or 3 (patients from case series).…”

“…The hormonal assessments were provided in the endocrine cases [1,6,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], but, also, as mentioned, in non-endocrine cases (to some extent) [2,4,7,9,12,36,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Despite large variations in reporting an endocrine profile, the main evaluation included:…”

“…Further on, we analyzed the endocrine sample-based cohort [1,6,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] in addition to this present case and another five cases from the initial non-endocrine cohort [2,4,7,9,12,36,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] which we re-classified due to the co-presence of endocrine-metabolic traits that potentially may be part of a pathogenic association (yet, this remains an open issue) as following: vitamin D deficiency and chronic kidney disease that potentially bring a large of calcium and phosphorus anomalies (even transitory or responsive to m...…”

“…Additionally, we analyzed the published data with concern to the petrified ear that was confirmed in subjects without an actual diagnosis of a traditional endocrine ailment amid their medical records/history or during current admission (according to the original references). By applying the same mentioned methods, we further identified 22 single case reports (one subject with petrified ear confirmation per paper) [ 2 , 4 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], and one patient was reported via a case series of two that also introduced another family member with a concomitant endocrine condition [ 36 ], as well as a case series of three patients [ 44 ] (hence, a total of 23 distinct articles other than those cited at endocrine-based analysis; N = a total of 26 subjects diagnosed with petrified pinna). The timeline analysis showed one case per publication per year (in 2023, 2020, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2008, and 2005), two papers per year (one subject per paper) published in 2017 and 2009, respectively, and three papers per year (in 2019, 2016, 2011, and 2007; of note, the paper published in 2016 was a three-patient series [ 44 ]).…”