Populations of Arthropod Predators and
Heliothis
Spp.
1
After Applications of Aldicarb and Monocrotophos to Cotton
23

Kinzer, R. E.; Cowan, C. B.; Ridgway, R. L.; Davis, J. W.; Coppedge, J. R.; Jones, S. L.

doi:10.1093/ee/6.1.13

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Applications of insecticides that caused high predator mortality (Satoh et al 1995, DufÞe et al 1998 commonly resulted in increases in numbers of lepidopteran pests in Þeld crops such as soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Shepard et al 1977, Morrison et al 1979, and cotton (Kinzer et al 1977, Hagerty et al 2005. The negative correlation between predator populations and bollworm numbers in our study exempliÞes this fact.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Possible economic consequences resulting from nontarget activity of any insecticide should be understood before use in insect management (Kinzer et al 1977, Shepard et al 1977, Kilpatrick et al 2004). Neonicotinoids are rapidly replacing organophosphates for control of aphids, plant bugs, and other piercingÐ sucking bugs in cotton (Lorenz et al 2000, Scott et al 2000, Parrish 2001, Greene and Capps 2002, Ngo et al 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of Selected Neonicotinoids and Dicrotophos on Nontarget Arthropods in Cotton: Implications in Insect Management

Kilpatrick

Hagerty

Turnipseed

et al. 2005

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Certain neonicotinoids are used in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), to control various piercing-sucking pests. We conducted field studies using three neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid) and an organophosphate (dicrotophos) to assess the activity of these insecticides against nontarget arthropods, particularly predators, and to determine the potential economic consequences of such activity. Mortality among populations of the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), and the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, was highest after thiamethoxam and dicrotophos treatments. Numbers of arachnids were consistently lower after dicrotophos treatments, whereas none of the neonicotinoids caused appreciable mortality. Total predators in pooled data from five separate studies revealed that numbers, compared with untreated plots, were reduced by -75% in dicrotophos, 55-60% in thiamethoxam, and only 30% in both acetamiprid and imidacloprid plots. Acetamiprid and thiamethoxam exhibited significant mortality against field-deposited eggs of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Both thiamethoxam and dicrotophos plots exhibited bollworm numbers that were approximately three times higher than treatment thresholds (three per 100 plants), whereas numbers in untreated plots were below threshold levels. In one study on Bt cotton, a significant negative correlation was observed between numbers of predators and bollworm larvae. Results demonstrated that neonicotinoids differ in activity against predaceous arthropods and bollworm eggs and that high predator mortality can result in resurgence of bollworm larvae and additional insecticide costs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Selected Neonicotinoids and Dicrotophos on Nontarget Arthropods in Cotton: Implications in Insect Management

Kilpatrick

Hagerty

Turnipseed

et al. 2005

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“…Differential mortality between sexes resulting from insecticide (Malathion) treatment has been reported in the black pine leaf scale, Nuculaspis californica (Coleman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) where haploid males are more susceptible to insecticides than diploid females (Edmund & Alstad, 1985). Insecticides can affect the physiology of plants such as their photosynthetic rate (Jones et al, 1983), which in turn can become attractive oviposition sites for Lepidoptera such as Helicoverpa zea Boddie and Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Kinzer et al, 1977). Apart from the last-mentioned problem no such observations have ever been reported in the Lepidoptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in cereal stem borer populations through partial elimination of natural enemies

Kfir

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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An insecticide exclusion method was used to evaluate the effect of parasitoids on level of infestation by the stem borers, Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), in grain sorghum. In field trials conducted at Brits and at Delmas, South Africa, a selective organophosphate insecticide, dimethoate, was applied twice weekly at each site to three subplots whereas three other identical subplots served as controls. Twelve plants were randomly selected from each subplot at weekly intervals and removed from the field. In the laboratory all plants were dissected to record borer infestation. In order to determine parasitism levels egg batches were kept in Petri dishes and all borer larvae and pupae were kept individually in vials until either parasitoids or moths emerged. At Brits ca. 97% of borers were C. partellus and 3% B. fusca, whereas at Delmas 37.5% were C. partellus and 62.5% B. fusca. The most abundant parasitoids of B. fusca were Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) and Bracon sesamiae Cameron. The dominant parasitoids of C. partellus at both sites were C. sesamiae, Stenobracon spec., Dentichasmias busseolae Henrich and Pediobius furvus (Gahan). No egg parasitoids were found. At both sites, infestation levels in the sprayed plots were significantly higher than in the untreated plots. On the other hand, parasitism levels of borers in the unsprayed plots were significantly higher than in the treated plots. It was concluded that the higher infestation level of sorghum by stem borers in the sprayed plots was because of partial elimination of parasitoids and possibly other natural enemies by the pesticide.

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“…One must consider the possibility that some of the aphid resurgence attributed to changes in the predator population was caused by stimulatory effect of the insecticide on the aphids themselves (e.g. Kinzer et al 1977). To my knowledge no such effects have been shown for carbaryl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Predators and the Control of Potato Aphids

Boiteau

1986

Can Entomol

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Experiments were done in fields of potato in Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1981, 1982, and 1984 to determine the effect of native predators on the abundance of aphids. The populations of predators were altered by pitfall trapping within plots enclosed by polythene barriers and by applying a selective insecticide. The abundance of aphids was monitored in the enclosed plots and in unenclosed areas serving as control. The experimental design was successful at significantly reducing the numbers of Carabidae in the enclosures compared with the open plots. Aphid populations tended to be larger in the plots with depleted populations of Carabidae than in the control areas and were significantly larger in the plots where the insecticide depleted the populations of canopy level predators. These results suggest that the Carabidae play a relatively minor role in aphid control on the potato crop compared with specific predators.

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Populations of Arthropod Predators and Heliothis Spp. 1 After Applications of Aldicarb and Monocrotophos to Cotton 23

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Activity of Selected Neonicotinoids and Dicrotophos on Nontarget Arthropods in Cotton: Implications in Insect Management

Activity of Selected Neonicotinoids and Dicrotophos on Nontarget Arthropods in Cotton: Implications in Insect Management

Increase in cereal stem borer populations through partial elimination of natural enemies

Native Predators and the Control of Potato Aphids

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